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The following is a list of the heirs to the throne of the Kingdom of France, that is, those who were legally next in line to assume the throne upon the death of the King.
From 987 to 1792, all heirs to the French throne were male-line descendants of Hugh Capet.
Capetian associate kings
The crown of France under the earliest Capetian monarchs was elective, not hereditary. There was no mechanism for automatic succession unless an heir was crowned as associate king, ready to step up as primary king when the previous king died. This procedure was very similar to the method by which the Germans elected a King of the Romans during the lifetime of the German monarch. The early Capetians generally made sure their sons were crowned as associate kings with them, with such success that the inheritance of the eldest son and heir to the kingship came to be accepted as a matter of right. Louis VI of France was the first king to take the throne without having been crowned in his father's time; however, his right to take the throne was initially contested.
Co-king | Relationship to Monarch |
Crowned | Co-kingship ceased | Reason | Monarch |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Robert (II) | son | 30 December 987 | 24 October 996 | became sole king | Hugh Capet |
Hugh Magnus | son | 19 June 1017 | 17 September 1025 | died | Robert II of France |
Henry (I) | son | 14 May 1027 | 20 July 1031 | became sole king | |
Philip (I) | son | 23 May 1059 | 4 August 1060 | became sole king | Henry I of France |
Philip | son | 14 April 1129 | 13 October 1131 | died | Louis VI of France |
Louis (VII) | son | 25 October 1131 | 1 August 1137 | became sole king | |
Philip (II) | son | 1 November 1179 | 18 September 1180 | became sole king | Louis VII of France |
Capetian heirs by Salic succession I
After the accession of Philip II of France, the throne became de jure as well as de facto hereditary, so that on the death of the king, the legal heir became king immediately, and could exercise authority without coronation. The throne passed to the closest male heir.
Heirs who actually succeeded are shown in bold type. From 1350 on, the heir apparent to the French throne was styled Dauphin. Heirs so styled are accompanied on the table below by an image of the Dauphin's coat of arms. The title was abandoned in 1791 in favor of the style Prince Royal, less than a year before the abolition of the monarchy.
Heir | Status | Relationship to Monarch |
Became heir | Ceased to be heir | Next in succession Relation to heir, dates |
Monarch | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date | Reason | Date | Reason | |||||
Louis | heir apparent | son | 5 September 1187 | born | 14 July 1223 | became king | succession uncertain (1187–1209)[1] | Philip II of France |
Philip son (1209–1218) | ||||||||
Louis son (1218–1223) | ||||||||
Louis | heir apparent | son | 14 July 1223 | father became king | 8 November 1226 | became king | Robert brother |
Louis VIII of France |
Robert I of Artois | heir presumptive | brother | 8 November 1226 | brother became king | 25 February 1244 | son born to king | Jean Tristan, Count of Anjou brother (1226–1232) |
Louis IX of France |
Alfonso, Count of Poitou brother (1232–1244) | ||||||||
Louis | heir apparent | son | 25 February 1244 | born | 11 January 1260 | died | Robert I of Artois uncle (1244–1245) | |
Philip brother (1245–1260) | ||||||||
Philip | heir apparent | son | 11 January 1260 | brother died | 25 August 1270 | became king | Jean Tristan brother (1260–1264) | |
Louis son (1264–1270) | ||||||||
Louis | heir apparent | son | 25 August 1270 | father became king | May 1276 | died | Philip brother |
Philip III of France |
Philip | heir apparent | son | May 1276 | brother died | 5 October 1285 | became king | Charles, Count of Valois brother | |
Charles, Count of Valois | heir presumptive | brother | 5 October 1285 | brother became king | 4 October 1289 | son born to king | Louis brother |
Philip IV of France |
Louis | heir apparent | son | 4 October 1289 | born | 29 November 1314 | became king | Charles, Count of Valois uncle (1289–1293) | |
Philip, Count of Poitou brother (1293–1314) | ||||||||
Philip of Poitou | heir presumptive | brother/ uncle |
29 November 1314 | brother became king | 20 November 1316 | became king | Charles, Count of La Marche brother (1314–1316) |
Louis X of France |
Philip son (Nov 15-20, 1316) |
John I of France[2] | |||||||
Philip | heir apparent | son | 20 November 1316 | father became king | 24 February 1317 | died | Charles, Count of La Marche uncle |
Philip V of France |
Charles of La Marche | heir presumptive | brother | 24 February 1317 | king's son died | 3 January 1322 | became king | Philip son | |
Philip | heir apparent | son | 3 January 1322 | father became king | 24 March 1322 | died | Charles, Count of Valois great-uncle |
Charles IV of France |
Charles of Valois | heir presumptive | uncle | 24 March 1322 | king's son died | 20 March 1324 | son born to king | Philip son | |
Louis | heir apparent | son | 20 March 1324 | born | 21 March 1324 | died | Charles, Count of Valois great-uncle | |
Charles of Valois | heir presumptive | uncle | 21 March 1324 | king's son died | 16 December 1325 | died | Philip son | |
Philip of Valois | heir presumptive | 1st cousin | 16 December 1325 | father died | 1 February 1328 | became king | John son | |
John | heir apparent | son | 1 February 1328 | father became king | 22 August 1350 | became king | Charles II, Count of Alençon uncle (1328–1330) |
Philip VI of France |
Louis brother (17 Jan, 1330) | ||||||||
Charles II of Alençon uncle (1330–1333) | ||||||||
John brother (2 Oct, 1333) | ||||||||
Charles II of Alençon uncle (1333–1336) | ||||||||
Philip, Duke of Orléans brother (1336–1338) | ||||||||
Charles son (1338–1350) | ||||||||
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heir apparent | son | 22 August 1350 | father became king | 8 April 1364 | became king | Louis, Duke of Anjou brother |
John II of France |
Louis, Duke of Anjou | heir presumptive | brother | 8 April 1364 | brother became king | 7 June 1366 | son born to king | John, Duke of Berry brother |
Charles V of France |
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heir apparent | son | 7 June 1366 | born | 21 December 1366 | died | Louis, Duke of Anjou uncle | |
Louis, Duke of Anjou | heir presumptive | brother | 21 December 1366 | king's son died | 3 December 1368 | son born to king | John, Duke of Berry brother | |
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heir apparent | son | 3 December 1368 | born | 16 September 1380 | became king | Louis, Duke of Anjou uncle (1368–1372) | |
Louis brother (1372–1380) | ||||||||
Louis I, Duke of Orléans | heir presumptive | brother | 16 September 1380 | brother became king | 25 September 1386 | son born to king | Louis, Duke of Anjou uncle (1380–1384) |
Charles VI of France |
Louis II, Duke of Anjou 1st cousin (1384–1386) | ||||||||
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heir apparent | son | 25 September 1386 | born | 28 December 1386 | died | Louis I, Duke of Orléans uncle | |
Louis I, Duke of Orléans | heir presumptive | brother | 28 December 1386 | king's son died | 6 February 1392 | son born to king | Louis II, Duke of Anjou 1st cousin | |
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heir apparent | son | 6 February 1392 | born | 13 January 1401 | died | Louis I, Duke of Orléans uncle (1392–1397) | |
Louis brother (1397–1401) | ||||||||
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heir apparent | son | 13 January 1401 | brother died | 18 December 1415 | died | John brother | |
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heir apparent | son | 18 December 1415 | brother died | 5 April 1417 | died | Charles brother | |
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heir apparent | son | 5 April 1417 | brother died | 21 October 1422 | became king[3] | Charles, Duke of Orléans 1st cousin |
Lancastrian succession
On May 21, 1420, the government of Charles VI was obliged to sign the Treaty of Troyes, which provided a legal framework for the transfer of power to Henry V, King of England, who had invaded and occupied northern France, including Paris. Under the treaty, Henry, who was to marry Charles' daughter Catherine, was named as "Heir of France" and the Dauphin Charles was disinherited. The treaty was not recognized by those factions which were still at war with England, and only had legal force in English-occupied territory and, more briefly, in the Burgundian lands (1420–1435) and in Brittany.
Heir | Status | Relationship to Monarch | Became heir | Ceased to be heir | Next in succession relation to heir, dates |
Monarch | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date | Reason | Date | Reason | |||||
Henry V, King of England | heir apparent | son-in-law | 21 May 1420 | treaty | 31 August 1422 | died | succession uncertain, (1420–1421) | Charles VI |
Henry, Duke of Cornwall son, (1421–1422) | ||||||||
Henry VI, King of England | heir apparent | grandson | 31 August 1422 | father died | 21 October 1422 | became king | succession uncertain (Aug.-Oct. 1422) | |
succession uncertain 1422–1453 | “Henry II” | |||||||
Edward of Westminster | heir apparent | son | 13 October 1453 | born | 19 October 1453 | father deposed | succession uncertain |
Capetian heirs by Salic succession II
In southern France, the treaty of Troyes was never regarded as valid, and Charles VII was considered to have become king upon his father's death. Given his repudiation by his father, however, his status remained uncertain until his coronation at Reims on 17 July 1429. In the following two decades Charles VII regained control of most of France; the English were finally expelled from Guienne on 19 October 1453, retaining only the port of Calais.
Heir | Status | Relationship to Monarch | Became heir | Ceased to be heir | Next in succession relation to heir, dates |
Monarch | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date | Reason | Date | Reason | |||||
Charles, Duke of Orléans | heir presumptive | 1st cousin | 21 October 1422 | cousin became king | 3 July 1423 | son born to king | John, Count of Angoulême brother |
Charles VII of France |
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heir apparent | son | 3 July 1423 | born | 22 July 1461 | became king | Charles, Duke of Orléans 1st cousin -1 (1423–1426) | |
John of France brother (Sept 19, 1426) | ||||||||
Charles, Duke of Orléans 1st cousin -1 (1426–1432) | ||||||||
James of France brother (1432–1437) | ||||||||
Charles, Duke of Orléans 1st cousin -1 (1437–1446) | ||||||||
Charles of France brother (1446–1458) | ||||||||
Louis of France son (1458–1460) | ||||||||
Charles of France brother (1460–1461) | ||||||||
Charles, Duke of Berry | heir presumptive | brother | 22 July 1461 | brother became king | 4 December 1466 | son born to king | Charles, Duke of Orléans 1st cousin -1 (1461–1465) |
Louis XI of France |
Louis, Duke of Orléans 2nd cousin (1465–1466) | ||||||||
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heir apparent | son | 4 December 1466 | born | 4 December 1466 | died | Charles, Duke of Berry | |
Charles, Duke of Berry | heir presumptive | brother | 4 December 1466 | king's son died | 30 June 1470 | son born to king | Louis, Duke of Orléans 2nd cousin | |
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heir apparent | son | 30 June 1470 | born | 30 August 1483 | became king | Charles, Duke of Berry uncle (1470–1472) | |
Louis, Duke of Orléans 2nd cousin -1 (May–Sept 1472) | ||||||||
Francis, Duke of Berry brother (1472–1473) | ||||||||
Louis, Duke of Orléans 2nd cousin -1 (1473–1483) | ||||||||
Louis, Duke of Orléans | heir presumptive | 2nd cousin -1 | 30 August 1483 | cousin became king | 11 October 1492 | son born to king | Charles, Count of Angoulême 1st cousin |
Charles VIII of France |
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heir apparent | son | 11 October 1492 | born | 6 December 1495 | died | Louis, Duke of Orléans 2nd cousin -2 | |
Louis, Duke of Orléans | heir presumptive | 2nd cousin -1 | 6 December 1495 | king's son died | 8 September 1496 | son born to king | Charles, Count of Angoulême 1st cousin (1495–1496) | |
Francis, Count of Angoulême 1st cousin +1 (Jan–Sep 1496) | ||||||||
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heir apparent | son | 8 September 1496 | born | 2 October 1496 | died | Louis, Duke of Orléans 2nd cousin -2 | |
Louis, Duke of Orléans | heir presumptive | 2nd cousin -1 | 2 October 1496 | king's son died | July 1497 | son born to king | Francis, Count of Angoulême 1st cousin +1 | |
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heir apparent | son | July 1497 | born | July 1497 | died | Louis, Duke of Orléans 2nd cousin -2 | |
Louis, Duke of Orléans | heir presumptive | 2nd cousin -1 | July 1497 | king's son died | 7 April 1498 | became king | Francis, Count of Angoulême 1st cousin +1 | |
Francis, Count of Angoulême | heir presumptive | 1st cousin +1 | 7 April 1498 | cousin became king | 1 January 1515 | became king | Charles IV, Duke of Alençon 5th cousin -1 |
Louis XII of France |
Charles IV, Duke of Alençon | heir presumptive | 5th cousin –1 | 1 January 1515 | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_heirs_to_the_French_throne