Denton, Texas
City
Denton County Courthouse-on-the-Square
Seal
Nicknames:  Little Austin,[1] Little D,[2] Redbud Capital of Texas[3]
Location of Denton in Denton County, Texas
Denton Show map of Texas Denton Show map of the United States
Coordinates: 33°12′59″N 97°7′45″W / 33.21639°N 97.12917°W / 33.21639; -97.12917
Country	United States
State	Texas
County	Denton
Incorporated	1866
Government
• Type	Council–manager
• City Council	Mayor Gerard Hudspeth Mayor Pro Tem Brian Beck (Dist 2) Vicki Byrd (Dist 1) Paul Meltzer (Dist 3) Joe Holland (Dist 4) Chris Watts (at-large) Brandon Chase McGee (at-large) [4]
• City Manager	Sara Hensley [5]
• City Attorney	Mack Reinwand[6]
Area [7]
• City	97.95 sq mi (253.70 km2)
• Land	96.35 sq mi (249.55 km2)
• Water	1.60 sq mi (4.14 km2)  1.527[9]%
Elevation [10]	659 ft (201 m)
Population  (2020)
• City	139,869
• Density	1,451.68/sq mi (560.49/km2)
• Urban	429,461 (US: 96th)[8]
• Urban density	2,853.9/sq mi (1,101.9/km2)
Demonym	Dentonian or Dentonite
Time zone	UTC−6 (CST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Zip Codes	76201–76210
Area code(s)	940, 682,817[11]
FIPS code	48-19972[12]
GNIS feature ID	2410323[10]
Website	City of Denton

Denton is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Denton County. With a population of 139,869 as of 2020,^[12] it is the 20th-most populous city in Texas, the 177th-most populous city in the United States, and the 12th-most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.

A Texas land grant led to the formation of Denton County in 1846, and the city was incorporated in 1866. Both were named after pioneer and Texas militia captain John B. Denton. The arrival of a railroad line in the city in 1881 spurred population, and the establishment of the University of North Texas in 1890 and Texas Woman's University in 1901 distinguished the city from neighboring regions. After the construction of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport finished in 1974, the city had more rapid growth; as of 2011, Denton was the seventh-fastest growing city with a population of over 100,000 in the country.

Located on the far north end of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex in North Texas on Interstate 35, Denton is known for its active music scene; the North Texas State Fair and Rodeo, Denton Arts and Jazz Festival, and Thin Line Fest attract over 300,000 people to the city each year. The city has hot, humid summers and few extreme weather events. Its diverse citizenry is represented by a nonpartisan city council, and numerous county and state departments have offices in the city. With over 45,000 students enrolled at the two universities within its city limits, Denton is often characterized as a college town. As a result of the universities' growth, educational services play a large role in the city's economy. Residents are served by the Denton County Transportation Authority, which provides commuter rail and bus service to the area.

History

Denton's formation is closely tied to that of Denton County. White settlement of the area began in the mid-1800s when William S. Peters of Kentucky obtained a land grant from the Texas Congress and named it Peters Colony. After initial settlement in the southeast part of the county in 1843, the Texas Legislature voted to form Denton County in 1846.^[13] Both the county and the town were named for John B. Denton, a preacher and lawyer who was killed in 1841 during a skirmish with the Kichai people in what is now Tarrant County.^[14] Pickneyville and Alton were selected as the county seat before Denton was named the seat in 1857. That year, a commission laid out the city and named the first streets.

On July 8, 1860, approximately half of the downtown Square burned down in what was later called the "Texas Troubles".^[15] Fires occurred in ten Texas communities that day, including Dallas and Pilot Point, and were quickly attributed to a slave insurrection.^[15] By the end of July, vigilante justice took hold and "egularly constituted law-enforcement agencies stepped aside to allow the vigilantes to do their work. Although no hard evidence was ever adduced to prove the guilt of a single alleged black arsonist or white abolitionist, many unfortunates of both classes were nevertheless hanged for their alleged crimes."^[15]

In February 1861, a statewide referendum was held and Texans voted to join the Confederate States of America.^[16]

Post–Civil War

Denton incorporated in 1866; its first mayor was J.B. Sawyer.^[17] As the city expanded beyond its original boundaries (which extended half a mile in every direction from center of the public square^[18]), it became an agricultural trade center for the mill and cottage industries. The arrival of the Texas and Pacific Railway in 1881 gave Denton its first rail connection and brought an influx of people to the area.^[17] North Texas Normal College, now the University of North Texas, was established in 1890, and the Girls' Industrial College, now Texas Woman's University, was founded in 1901. As the universities increased in size, their impact on Denton's economy and culture increased.^[17] Electricity came to Denton in 1905 with the creation of Denton Municipal Electric.

Segregation and Jim Crow era

After the Civil War, "Freedmen Settlements" were started throughout the South.^[19] One Freedman Settlement, Quakertown, thrived just south of what is now Texas Woman's University until around 1920, when the city government forcibly removed the residents to make way for a park.^[20] Quakertown's Black children were served separately from white children by the Frederick Douglass School.^[20] Originally scheduled to open in September 1913, it was mysteriously burned down the night before its scheduled opening.^[20] It was rebuilt and in 1949 renamed the "Fred Moore School".^[21]

Postwar growth

Denton's population grew from 26,844 in 1960 to 48,063 in 1980. Its connection to the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex via I-35E and I-35W played a major role in the growth, and the opening of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport in 1974 led to a population increase. In the 1980s, heavy manufacturing companies like Victor Equipment Company and Peterbilt joined older manufacturing firms such as Moore Business Forms and Morrison Milling Company in Denton. The population rose from 66,270 in 1990 to 80,537 in 2000.^[17] In May 2006, Houston-based real estate company United Equities purchased the 100-block of Fry Street and announced that several of the historic buildings would be demolished and the businesses displaced to accommodate a new mixed-use commercial center. Some residents, who sought to preserve the area as a historic and cultural icon, opposed the proposal.^[22] The Denton City Council approved a new proposal for the area from Dinerstein Cos in 2010.^[23]

Timeline

• 2015 – Friendship City relationship formalized with Santa Rosa de Múzquiz, Mexico.^[43]
• 2020 – Gerard Hudspeth became Denton's first African-American mayor.^[44]

Geography

Denton is on the northern edge of the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area. These three cities form the area known as the "Golden Triangle of North Texas".^[45] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 89.316 square miles (231.33 km²), of which 87.952 square miles (227.79 km²) is land and 1.364 square miles (3.53 km²) is covered by water.^[9] The city lies in the northeast edge of the Bend Arch–Fort Worth Basin, which is characterized by flat terrain. Elevation ranges from 500 to 900 feet (150 to 270 m).^[13] Part of the city is atop the Barnett Shale, a geological formation believed to contain large quantities of natural gas.^[46][47] Lewisville Lake, a man-made reservoir, is 15 miles (24 km) south of the city.

Climate