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Preston in Lancashire, England has been associated with cotton since John Horrocks built his first spinning mill, the Yellow factory, in 1791. This was powered by a Bateman & Sherratt engine. Preston mills tended to have their own reservoirs. They spun cotton using hand mules and self-actors but normally also operated power looms in weaving sheds. Local firms such as Ainscow & Tomlinson and Grundy made mules for the mills. There were 60 mills operating in Preston in 1927.[1]
The mills
Standing mills
| Name | Architect | Location | Built | Demolished | Served (Years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arkwright Mill | Hawkins St SD532302 53°45′58″N 2°42′40″W / 53.766°N 2.711°W | 1854 | 170 | ||
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Notes: 1891:Daniel Arkwright, 36,248 spindles, 599 looms[2] | ||||
| Aqueduct Street Mill | Aqueduct St SD529304 53°46′05″N 2°42′58″W / 53.768°N 2.716°W | ||||
 |
Notes: 1891, together with India and Flats Mills: William Calvert and Co, 150,566 spindles[2] | ||||
| Brookfield Mill | SD538305 53°46′08″N 2°42′07″W / 53.769°N 2.702°W | ||||
| Notes: 1891 together with Peel Mill: John Goodair and Co, 73,591 spindles and 1322 looms[2] | |||||
| Centenary Mill | SD551297 53°45′43″N 2°40′59″W / 53.762°N 2.683°W | 1895 | Standing | 129 | |
 |
Notes: Grade II listed building[3] Known as Horrockses, it was powered by a four-cylindered horizontal triple-expansion engine by John Musgrave & Sons that delivered 2000 ihp.. The mill had rolled steel beams and concrete floors.[2][4] |
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| Cliff Mill | SD557297 53°45′43″N 2°40′23″W / 53.762°N 2.673°W[2] | ||||
| Embroidery Mill | |||||
| Fylde Road Mill | SD530300 53°45′50″N 2°42′50″W / 53.764°N 2.714°W[2] | ||||
| Hartford Mill | Campbell St SD551298 53°45′47″N 2°40′59″W / 53.763°N 2.683°W | ||||
| Notes: 1891:Hartford Mills Co Ltd, 43472 spindles, 662 looms[2] | |||||
| Hanover Mill (Moss Mill; Spital's Moss Mill; Moss Shed) | Fylde Road SD533299 53°45′47″N 2°42′36″W / 53.763°N 2.710°W[2][5][6] | 1796 | 228 | ||
 |
Notes: | ||||
| Hanover Street Mill | Gt George St SD539303 53°46′01″N 2°41′56″W / 53.767°N 2.699°W | ||||
| Notes: 1891:Birley Brothers, 46,466 spindles, 826 looms | |||||
| Pitt Street Mill | SD534294 53°45′32″N 2°42′29″W / 53.759°N 2.708°W[2] | ||||
| Red Scar Mill | SD525306 53°46′12″N 2°43′19″W / 53.770°N 2.722°W | 1939 | |||
| Notes: Then produced rayon until 1980[2] | |||||
| Stocksbridge Mill | SD525306 53°46′12″N 2°43′19″W / 53.770°N 2.722°W[2] | ||||
| St Georges Road Mill | SD539306 53°46′12″N 2°42′04″W / 53.770°N 2.701°W | ||||
| Notes: 1891: Moor Park Manufacturing Co, Limited, 600 looms[2] | |||||
| Shelley Road Mill | SD525303 53°46′01″N 2°43′19″W / 53.767°N 2.722°W | ||||
 |
Notes: 1891:Hartley Brothers, 42,560 spindles, 864 looms[2] | ||||
| Tulketh Mill | FW Dixon | SD524309 53°46′19″N 2°43′26″W / 53.772°N 2.724°W | 1905 | Standing | 119 |
 |
Notes:
Grade II listed building[7] Powered by a J&E Wood, 2000 ihp, horizontal cross compound, Corliss valves with superheated steam. Initially 4 Lancashire boilers fifth Yorkshire boiler added in 1918. The 24 ft flywheel was geared for 44 ropes. The chimney was 77 yds tall, later reduced to 60, when the mill was lengthened to 427 ft in 1918 it housed 127,400 mule and 12,600 ring spindles[2][8] |
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Other mills
| Name | Architect | Location | Built | Demolished | Served (Years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albert | Cemetery Rd, Preston | ||||
| Notes: 1891: J. F. Woods and Co, 445 looms [5] | |||||
| Alexandra | Skeffington Road North, Preston | ||||
| Notes: 1891: Wilding Brothers, 1022 looms [5] | |||||
| Alliance Works | New Hall Lane, Preston | ||||
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Notes: 1891:Thomas Brindle and Co, 1070 looms [5] | ||||
| Arthur Street | Preston[5] | ||||
| Ashton Shed | Preston | ||||
| Notes: 1891: Richard Walsh and Co, 470 looms [5] | |||||
| Astley Field | St Pauls Rd, Preston | ||||
| Notes: 1891:Martin Hopkins and Co, 448 looms [5] | |||||
| Avenham | Preston[5] | ||||
| Back Lane | Preston[5] | ||||
| Bamber Bridge Spinning & Weaving Co Ltd | Wesley St, Bamber Bridge | ||||
| Notes: Horizontal 4-cylinder triple by J&E Wood with 26 ft flywheel, housed 127,500 mule spindles [9] | |||||
| Bank Top | Preston | ||||
| Notes: 1891: (together with Hopwood St and Primrose Hill Mills): William Paley, 30,992 spindles [5] | |||||
| Broomfield | Preston | ||||
| Notes: 1891, (together with Grimshaw Mill): John Anderton, 1764 looms [5] | |||||
| Bold Street | Preston | ||||
| Notes: 1891: Moses S. Maynard, 42,000 spindles[5] | |||||
| Bow Lane | Preston[5] | ||||
| Bridge Street | Preston[5] | ||||
| Brookhouse | Old Lancaster Lane, Preston | 1845 | 179 | ||
 |
Notes: Grade II listed building[10] 1891: John and Adam Leigh, 40,520 spindles and 1,156 looms Engine: 500hp cross compound engine by Ashton Frost, 1906 [5] |
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| Brunswick Place | Preston[5] | ||||
| Bushell Street | Lancaster Rd North, Preston | ||||
| Notes: 1891: John Humber, 702 looms [5] | |||||
| Bute | Preston[5] | ||||
| Cable Street | Preston[5] | ||||
| Castle Street | Preston[5] | ||||
| Caledonian Go | Pitt St, Preston | ||||
| Notes: 1891:William Entwisle's Sons, 437 looms [5] | |||||
| Canal Street | Preston[5] | ||||
| Cottage Street | Preston[5] | ||||
| Croft Street | Preston | ||||
| Notes: 1891:William Henry Hincksman, 36,620 spindles [5] | |||||
| Dale Street | Preston[5] | ||||
| Deepdale | Preston[5] | ||||
| Edward Street | Preston[5] | ||||
| Eldon Street (Stocks Bridge) | P.Pickup | Preston | 1903 | 121 | |
| Notes: Powered by a Yates & Thom, 800ihp cross compound [11] | |||||
| Emerson Road | Preston[5] | ||||
| Fishwick | Preston | ||||
| Notes: 1891: Swainson, Birley and Co, 95,562 spindles [5] | |||||