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List of plants in the Bible
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 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (February 2017) |
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This article lists plants referenced in the Bible, ordered alphabetically by English common/colloquial name. For plants whose identities are unconfirmed or debated the most probable species is listed first. Plants named in the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible or Tenakh) are given with their Hebrew name, while those mentioned in the New Testament are given with their Greek names.
A
| Name in Bible | Plant name | Scientific name | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| סנה səneh | Abraham's Bush or Blackberry |
Vitex agnus-castus, Rubus sanctus or Loranthus acaciae | Exodus 3:2 |
| שטה šiṭṭāh | Acacia, Spirale | Acacia raddiana | Exodus 25:10 |
| אלמגים ’almuggîm | Almug tree; traditionally thought to denominate Red Sandalwood and/or White Sandalwood, but a few claim it is Juniper |
Pterocarpus santalinus Santalum album Juniperus excelsa |
2 Chronicles 2:8; 9:10, 11; 1 Kings 10:11, 12 |
| שקד šāqêḏ | Almond | Amygdalus communis | Genesis 43:11 |
| אהלים ’ăhālîm | Agarwood ("Aloe") | Aquilaria malaccensis | Proverbs 7:17 |
| κρίνον, krinon | Anemone | Anemone coronaria | Matthew 6:28 |
| ἄνηθον, anēthon | Anise or Dill | Pimpinella anisum, Anethum graveolens | Matthew 23:23 |
| תפוחי tappūaḥ | Apple[a] or citron | Malus domestica or Citrus medica | Genesis 2:7; Job 31:39; Jeremiah 15:9 |
B–E
F–I
| Name in Bible | Plant name | Scientific name | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| תאנה ṯə’ênāh | Fig | Ficus carica | Joel 1:7 |
| ארן ’ōren | Fir | Abies cilicica | 1 Kings etc. |
| פשתה pešeth | Flax | Linum usitatissimum | Proverbs 31:13 |
| פרח peraḥ | Flowers, unidentified | 1 Kings 7:26 | |
| לבונה ləḇōnāh | Frankincense | Boswellia thurifera | Matthew 2:10, 11 |
| שום šūm | Garlic | Allium sativum | Numbers 11:5 |
| ענב ‘ănāḇ | Grape | Vitis vinifera | Genesis 40:10 etc. |
| חציר ḥătsîr | Grass | Numbers 11:5 | |
| כמשכת חדק kimśuḵaṯ ḥāḏeq | Hedge of Thorns | Solanum incanum | Proverbs 15:19[2] |
| ראש rōš | Hemlock or gall | Conium maculatum, Papaver somniferum | Amos 6:12 |
| כפר kōp̄er | Henna | Lawsonia inermis | Song of Solomon 1:14 |
| אזוב ’êzōḇ ὕσσωπος, hysōpos |
Hyssop | Hyssopus officinalis | Leviticus 14:52 |
| קטרת qaṭṭərāh | Incense | Boswellia sacra | Hosea 4:13 |
| שושנ šōšannāh | Iris (then denominated "Lily") | Iris palaestina | 1 Kings 7:22 |
J–M
| Name in Bible | Plant name | Scientific name | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Judas Tree | Cercis siliquastrum | Matthew 27:5 |
| ערוער ‘ărō‘êr | Juniper | Juniperus excelsa | Jeremiah 17:6, 48:6 |
| ἄκανθα, akantha | Jujube | Ziziphus spina-christi | Matthew 27:29 |
| חציר ḥātsîr | Leek | Allium porrum | Numbers 11:5 |
| עדש ‘ăḏāša | Lentil | Lens esculenta | 2 Samuel 17:28; Ezekiel 4:9 |
| שושנת העמקים šōwōšannaṯ hā-‘ămāqîm | Lily-of-the-valley | Convallaria majalis | Song of Solomon 2:1 |
| שש šêš | Linen | Linum usitatissimum | Exodus 35:25 |
| צאל tse’ĕlîm | Lotus | Nelumbo nucifera | Job 40:21–22 |
| מלוח mallūaḥ | Mallow | Atriplex halimus | Job 30:4 |
| מלוח ḏūḏā’î | Mandrake | Mandragora autumnalis | Genesis 30:15 |
| מן man | Manna | Alhagi camelorum | Numbers 11:7 |
| ἡδύοσμον, hēduosmon | Mint | Mentha spp. | Matthew 23:23 |
| σίναπι, sinapi | Mustard | Brassica nigra | Matthew 13:31 |
| לט lōṭ | Myrrh | Commiphora guidotti | Genesis 37:25, 43:11 |
| הדס hăḏas | Myrtle | Myrtus communis | Isaiah 55:13 |