The street names of George Town reflect the multicultural heritage of the city, the capital of the former British settlement of Penang, now part of Malaysia.

Most streets in the city were built and named during the colonial era, and the historic English names generally remain and are still used by most Penangites. Since the passage of the National Language Act 1967, government policy has been to use the Malay language for all official purposes, and the Malay translations of the street names are the primary official versions that are used on street signs, now supplemented with names in English (and, in some places, Chinese, Tamil and Arabic).

Changes in street names

Since independence, there have been some changes to the official names of some streets. On the whole, however, like Singapore and unlike many other cities in Malaysia, George Town has retained most of its colonial street names, although they used to be indicated on street signs only in their Malay translations.

Until 2007, street signs in George Town were only written in Malay, as a result of the national language policy. Unfortunately, this had the effect of confusing tourists, who found it difficult to match the English names commonly used by Penangites with the Malay names on street signs which were often very different. In the case of proper nouns, the English name is easily recognisable, e.g. Kimberley Street is Lebuh Kimberley. In other cases, however, the Malay translation may be unfamiliar to those who do not speak the language, e.g. Church St is literally translated as Lebuh Gereja (from the Portuguese igreja). A few streets have been given completely new names in Malay.

Even where official street names have changed, the local population have largely continued informally to use the old names when referring to streets. This is partly because the new names are often unwieldy (e.g. Green Lane vs Jalan Masjid Negeri, Pitt Street vs Jalan Masjid Kapitan Keling, or Northam Road vs Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah), but also reflects a strong conservatism in the local population, who see Penang's colonial history as part of their local identity. When Scott Road was renamed Jalan D S Ramanathan, after the first Mayor of the City of George Town, the new street signs were repeatedly defaced and had to be replaced several times, eventually forcing the city authorities to fix a replacement street sign fifteen feet up a lamppost (instead of at waist-height, as was then usual).

Street sign design

The oldest street signs in the centre of George Town are rectangular and made of painted metal plate (blue with white lettering), usually affixed to corner shop-houses at the top of the ground floor, and many can still be seen. In the suburbs, rectangular cast-iron signs with indented corners (white with black lettering and edging) in English and sometimes Jawi script, fixed at head-height to a black iron pole surmounted with a finial, could also be seen. Almost all of these have been replaced by the modern road signs.

By 2007, rectangular reflective road signs (green with white lettering) in the Malay Rumi script had largely replaced the older signs. These were initially at waist-height, fixed to two black metal supports, and subsequently at head-height, fixed to a single black metal support. These signs also indicated the postal town and postcode.

Since 2007, new bilingual reflective street signs based on the old suburban signs have started to replace the Malay-only street signs. These are partly based on the old white signs, and are rectangular with indented corners (green with white lettering) and mounted at head-height to a black iron pole surmounted with an onion dome. The street name is given in Malay and English, together with the town and postcode.

In June 2007, while Penang was under the rule of Gerakan, street signs in Chinese were illegally set up by Penang's Democratic Action Party (DAP) Socialist Youth division along several roads in George Town under the justification it helps attract tourists from China, only to be removed by the Penang Municipal Council.^[1]

On July 22, 2008, following DAP's electoral victory in Penang and George Town's entry into UNESCO's World Heritage Site list, Gerakan was reported to have placed Chinese-language on existing street signs at six roads, claiming the signs were now vital with George Town's recognition by UNESCO and serve as a reminder to DAP of its earlier promises to erect such signs if voted into office.^[1] DAP Socialist Youth National Organizing secretary Koay Teng Hai had also proposed to include Tamil and Jawi translations, depending on the cultural background of the area, along with Chinese street names.^[1]

Despite opposition from Malay political parties and individuals at state and federal levels, the bilingual street signs with Chinese, Arabic and Tamil names were put up in November 2008.^[2] These multilingual road signs remain in use to this day.

Standard translations

In translating the English words for street, road, lane, etc., the city authorities follow a fairly regular system to avoid confusion between many streets of similar names. There are exceptions to this rule where the historic Malay usage is different and there is no chance of confusion, e.g. Hutton Lane has always been known as Jalan Hutton (see e.g. the Mesjid Jalan Hatin (mosque) there) rather than *Lorong Hutton.

• Avenue - Lebuhraya (e.g. Peel Avenue/Lebuhraya Peel; context usually prevents confusion with the normal meaning of lebuhraya, viz. highway/expressway)
• Circus - Lilitan (e.g. Hargreaves Circus/Lilitan Hargreaves)
• Close - Solok (e.g. Scott Close/Solok Scott)
• Court - Halaman (e.g. Cantonment Court/Halaman Cantonment)
• Crescent - Lengkok (e.g. Jesselton Crescent/Lengkok Jesselton)
• Cross - Lintang (e.g. Burmah Cross/Lintang Burma)
• Drive - Persiaran (e.g. Gurney Drive/Pesiaran Gurney)
• Gardens - Taman (e.g. Western Gardens/Taman Western)
• Lane - Lorong (e.g. Prangin Lane/Lorong Perangin)
• Place - Pesara (e.g. Claimant Place/Pesara Claimant)
• Quay - Pengkalan (e.g. Weld Quay/Pengkalan Weld)
• Road - Jalan (e.g. Perak Road/Jalan Perak)
• Square - Medan (e.g. College Square/Medan Maktab; also used for some new square-shaped roads that are not open squares, e.g. York Square/Medan York)
• Street - Lebuh (e.g. Campbell Street/Lebuh Campbell)
• Street Ghaut - Gat Lebuh (e.g. China Street Ghaut/Gat Lebuh China)
• Terrace - Tingkat (e.g. Erskine Terrace/Tingkat Erskine)

The word "Ghaut" at the end of some street names reflects the fact that they are extensions of the original streets beyond the original waterfront at Beach St with the reclamation of the Ghauts and the construction of Weld Quay, ghat being a Hindi and Bengali word meaning a flight of steps leading down to a body of water.

List of street names

This list is by no means exhaustive. Road name changes (as opposed to translations) are marked in green.

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_streets_in_George_Town,_Penang
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English name	Official Malay name	Etymology	Traditional Malay name	Hokkien name	Hokkien etymology	Traditional Tamil name	Tamil etymology
Aboo Sittee Lane	Lorong Abu Siti	After Aboo Sittee @ Mamak Pushi, who founded the Malay opera form known as bangsawan in Penang in the 1870s	Lorong Pushi, after Mamak Pushi	三牲巷 Sam-seng-hāng	Gangsters' lane
Acheen Street	Lebuh Acheh	After the Arab traders from Acheh who lived here.		拍石街 Phah-tsio̍h-ke 懸樓仔 Kuâinn-lâu-á	Stone-breaking street Small high tower (after the four-storied Gedung Atjeh at the Beach St corner)
Acheen Street Ghaut	Gat Lebuh Acheh			拍石街路頭 Phah-tsio̍h-ke lōo-thâu 懸樓仔路頭 Kuâinn-lâu-á lōo-thâu	Acheen St landing place
Adams Road	Jalan Adams	After Sir Arthur Adams (1861–1937), lawyer and Legislative Councillor.
Ah Quee Street	Lebuh Ah Quee	After Capitan China Chung Keng Quee, who presented it to the Municipality	Lorong Takia, after the kampong that used to be there.[3]	阿貴街 A-kuì-ke	Ah Quee street
Amoy Lane	Lorong Amoy	After the Hokkien city of Amoy
Anson Road	Jalan Anson	After Major-General Sir Archibald Anson, Lieutenant-Governor of Penang (1867–1882)
Argus Lane	Lorong Argus	After Penang's first independent newspaper, the Pinang Argus, published at Argus House here from 1867 to 1873.		色藍乳禮拜堂後巷仔 Sek-lân-ní lé-paì-tn̄g-āu hāng-á	Lane behind the Eurasian (Serani) church (the Roman Catholic Church, now Cathedral, of the Assumption)
Argyll Road	Jalan Argyll	Possibly after George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll, Secretary of State for India (1868–74).		萬葛里巷 Bang-ka-lí hāng	Bengali (or Sikh) lane
Ariffin Road	Jalan Ariffin	After Haji Syed Ariffin, a Muslim alim in the 1880s and 1890s
Armenian Street	Lebuh Armenian	After the Armenian Orthodox Church that used to be there.		W. of Cannon St		ஆர்மேனியன் வீதி Ārmēṉiyaṉ Vīti	After the Armenian Orthodox Church that used to be there.
				拍銅街 Phah-tâng-ke	Copper-beaters' street
				E. of Cannon St
				本頭公巷 Pún-thâu-kong-hāng 建元街 Kiàn-guân-ke	Gods' lane, after the Kong-si house of the Tuā Peh Kong or Kiàn Tek secret society (formerly at the junction of Armenian & Pitt Streets) there Kiàn Tek society origin street
Armenian Street Ghaut	Gat Lebuh Armenian			本頭公巷路頭 Pún-thâu-kong-hāng lōo-thâu	Armenian St landing place	ஆர்மேனியன் வண்ணார் தெருவில் Ārmēṉiyaṉ Vaṇṇār Teruvil	Street of the dhobies in Armenian street
Arratoon Road	Jalan Arratoon	After the Armenian merchant Arathoon Anthony, the father of A. A. Anthony who founded the Penang stock-broking firm that bears his name, who came from Shiraz in Persia to Penang in 1819.
Ayer Itam Road	Jalan Air Itam	After the Ayer Itam stream which flows there		亞也依淡路 A-iá i-tâm lōo	(phonetic)
Ayer Rajah Road	Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman	After the Telok Ayer Rajah, the bay between George Town and Tanjong Tokong. New Malay name after Tunku Abdul Rahman, first prime minister of Malaya (1957–1970), who lived there.
Bagan Jermal Road	Jalan Bagan Jermal	After Bagan Jermal, where it leads		灣斗路 Uân-tó-lōo	Bay road
Batu Lanchang Road	Jalan Tan Sri Teh Ewe Lim	After the area of Batu Lancang.
Barrack Road	Jalan Barrack	After the sepoy barracks that used to be there		兵房路 Peng-pâng-lōo	Barrack road
Beach Street	Lebuh Pantai	Self-describing. The street ran along the shoreline until the construction of Weld Quay.		N. of China St		பீச் வீதி Pīc Vīti
				Jalan Gedung "Warehouse street" 土庫街 Thóo-khòo-ke	Warehouse street
				China St – Chulia St
				港仔口 Káng-á-kháu	Harbour entrance, where the main shipping business was carried out
				Chulia St – Armenian St
				中街 Tiong-ke	Middle street
				Armenian St – Acheen St
				緞羅申 Tuan-lōo-sîn	Tuan Losin (Tengku Syed Hussein)'s street
				Acheen St – Malay St
				拍鐵街 Phah-thi̍h-ke	Blacksmiths' street
				S. of Malay St
				Ujong Pasir "Beach end" 社尾 Siā-bué	Village end
Biggs Road	Jalan Biggs	After the Rev. Louis Coutier Biggs, colonial chaplain in Penang (1885–1897), who founded the St George's Chinese Mission (now St Paul's Church)				பிக்ஸ் வீதி Piks Vīti	After the Rev. Louis Coutier Biggs, colonial chaplain in Penang (1885–97), who founded the St George's Chinese Mission (now St Paul's Church)
Birch Road	Jalan Birch	After James Kortright Birch, Resident Councillor of Penang (1905–06) and Acting Resident Councillor from (3 March 1897 - August 1898, April 1901 - November 1902 and 1903–1905).
Bishop Street	Lebuh Bishop	After the Roman Catholic Bishop Garnault, who was brought by Francis Light to Penang in 1786 from Kuala Kedah after fleeing persecution in Ligor and Phuket. His presbytery stood here.		W. of King St		பிஷப் வீதி Piṣap Vīti	After the Roman Catholic Bishop Garnault, who was brought by Francis Light to Penang in 1786 from Kuala Kedah after fleeing persecution in Ligor and Phuket. His presbytery stood here.
				順德公司街 Sūn-tek kong-si-ke	Soon Teik Association street
				King St - Penang St
				呂宋禮拜堂前 Lū-sòng lé-pài-tn̂g-tsêng	In front of the Armenian (Luzon) church that used to be there
				E. of Penang St
				漆木街 Tshat-bok-ke 柴工街 Tshâ-kang-ke	Lacquerers' street Carpenters' street
Boundary Road	Jalan Sempadan	Part of the road that formed part of the boundary of the City of George Town
Brick Kiln Road	Jalan Gurdwara	After the brick kiln that used to be there. The area was known as Bakar Bata or 罇仔窰 Tsuínn-á-iô. New Malay name after the Sikh gurdwara there.	Bakar Bata "Brick Kiln"	風車路 Hong-tshia-lōo	Winnowing-machine road, after the winnowing machines used to separate rice from chaff.	செங்கல் சூளை சாலை Ceṅkal Cūḷai Cālai	After the brick kiln that used to be there
Bridge Street	Jalan C. Y. Choy	After the Anson Bridge over the Prangin Ditch and the bridge over the Pinang River, which it links. New Malay name after Cllr C. Y. Choy, the last Mayor of George Town (1964–1966).		North (Beach St) end
				過港仔 Kuè-káng-á	Past the Prangin Ditch
				Middle
				枋廊 Pang-lông	Sawmill
				South (Jelutong Rd) end
				城隍廟路 Sêng-hông-biō-lōo	City god temple road
Brown Road	Jalan Brown	After David Brown (1778–1825), an early settler and planter and at one time the largest landowner in Penang, to whom a memorial stands at Padang Brown (Dato' Kramat Gardens)
Buckingham Street	Lebuh Buckingham	After Richard Temple-Grenville, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, British Colonial Secretary (1867-8)		新街頭 Sin-ke-thâu	At the head of Campbell St	பக்கிங்காம் தெரு சந்தி Pakkiṅkām Teru Canti	Junction of Buckingham Street
Burmah Road	Jalan Burma	After the Burmese village (Kampong Ava) at Burmah Lane.	Jalan Kreta Ayer "Water-cart road"	車水路 Tshia-tsuí-lōo	Drawing-water road, after the aqueduct that ran along the road (see e.g. the Mesjid Tarek Ayer there)
Campbell Street	Lebuh Campbell	After Sir George William Robert Campbell, Acting Lieutenant-Governor of Penang (1872–1873)	Jalan Nona Bahru "New maidens street"	新街 Sin-ke 新大門樓 Sin-tuā-muî-lâu	New street, alternatively 新雞 Sin-ke (new prostitutes), in contradistinction to Chulia St, where the brothels used to be New Chulia St
Cannon Square	Medan Cannon	After the cannon that was brought in by the Government during the Penang Riots in 1867 and fired here, where the members of the Kiàn Tek society were encamped.		龍山堂內 Liông-san-tông-laī	Within Leong San Tong (the Khoo Kongsi clanhouse)
Cannon Street	Lebuh Cannon			大銃空 Tuā-tshèng-khang	Cannonball-hole
Cantonment Road	N. of Kelawei Rd	After the military cantonment at Sepoy Lines, to which it leads. The new Malay name of Cantonment Road Ghaut is after the Penang Malay Association (Persatuan Melayu Pulau Pinang, "Pemenang") there.
	Jalan Pemenang
	S. of Kelawei Rd
	Jalan Cantonment
Carnarvon Lane	Lorong Carnarvon	After Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon, British Colonial Secretary (1866-7, 1874–1878) at the time of the Treaty of Pangkor.		鑑光內 Kàm-kong-laī	Within the village (kampung)