This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (April 2012)

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This is a list of women's firsts noting the first time that a woman or women achieved a given historical feat. A shorthand phrase for this development is "breaking the gender barrier" or "breaking the glass ceiling."^[1][2] Other terms related to the glass ceiling can be used for specific fields related to those terms, such as "breaking the brass ceiling" for women in the military and "breaking the stained glass ceiling" for women clergy.^[3][4] Inclusion on the list is reserved for achievements by women that have significant historical impact.

Aviation and aerospace

Date	Name	Milestone
June 4, 1784	Élisabeth Thible	First known woman to ride in a hot air balloon.[5][6][7]
1805	Sophie Blanchard	First woman to pilot a hot air balloon.[8]
March 8, 1910	Raymonde de Laroche	First woman to receive a pilot's license.[9]
1910–1911	Lilian Bland	First woman in the world to design, build, and fly an aircraft.[10][11]
1912	Harriet Quimby	First woman to fly across the English Channel.[12]
1912	Rayna Kasabova	First woman to participate in a military flight during the Siege of Odrin.
1914	Eugenie Mikhailovna Shakhovskaya	First woman commissioned as a military pilot; she flew reconnaissance missions for the Czar in 1914.[13][14]
1915	Marie Marvingt	First woman to fly a fighter plane in combat.[15][16]
1930	Amy Johnson	First woman to fly from Britain to Australia.[17]
1932	Amelia Earhart	First woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.[18]
1933	Lotfia ElNadi	First African woman and first Arab woman to earn a pilot's license.
1937	Sabiha Gökçen	The first military woman to fly combat missions.
October 17, 1951	Touria Chaoui	The first Moroccan and Maghrebi female pilot[19]
May 18, 1953	Jacqueline Cochran	First woman to break the sound barrier.[20]
1957	Jackie Moggridge	First woman to become a British airline captain.[21]
June 16, 1963	Valentina Tereshkova	First woman in space.[22]
1963	Betty Miller	First female pilot to fly solo across the Pacific Ocean.[23]
1964	Jerrie Mock	First woman to fly solo around the world.[24]
1964	Joan Merriam Smith	Joan was the first person in history to fly solo around the world at the equator, the first person to complete the longest single solo flight around the world, the first woman to fly a twin-engine aircraft around the world, the first woman to fly the Pacific Ocean from west to east in a twin-engine plane, the first woman to receive an airline transport rating at the age of 23, and the youngest woman to complete a solo flight around the world.
1973	Rosella Bjornson	First female pilot for a commercial airline in North America
1976	Emily Howell Warner	First woman to become an American airline captain.[25][26]
1978	Judy Cameron	First female pilot hired to fly for a major Canadian carrier (Air Canada).[27]
1984	Svetlana Savitskaya	First woman to space walk.[28]
1991	Sony Rana	Nepal's first licensed female commercial airline pilot.[29][30]
February 1995	Eileen Collins	First female Space Shuttle commander.[31]
2004	Irene Koki Mutungi, from Kenya	First African woman to qualify to captain a commercial aircraft; she qualified to command the Boeing 737.[32]
2005	Hanadi Zakaria al-Hindi	First Saudi woman to become a commercial airline pilot.[33]
September 18, 2006	Anousheh Ansari	First female space tourist.[34]
2009	Patricia Mawuli Nyekodzi	Ghana's first female civilian pilot, and the first woman in West Africa certified to build and maintain Rotax engines.[35]
2014	Nicola Scaife, from Australia	Winner of the first women's hot air balloon world championship, which was held in Poland.[36]
2015	Dalia	Iraq's first female commercial airline pilot.[37]
2015	Ouma Laouali	Niger's first female pilot.[38]

Computing

Dentistry

1866: Lucy Hobbs Taylor, first American woman to earn a doctorate in dentistry.^[39]

Born Lucy Hobbs on March 14, 1833, in Constable, New York. She was initially denied admission to dental school, then began private study with a professor from the Ohio College of Dental Surgery. In November 1865, she entered the Ohio College of Dental Surgery, where in 1866 she earned her doctorate in dentistry, becoming the first woman in the United States to do so. She married James Taylor and he followed her into the practice of dentistry. The two moved to Lawrence, Kansas, where they practiced together until her husband's death in 1886. She retired and became active in women's rights, and died in 1910.

Education

Year	Name	Milestone
c. 1239	Bettisia Gozzadini	First woman to teach at a university (lectured in law at the University of Bologna)
1384	Katherine, Lady Berkeley	Founded Katharine Lady Berkeley's School, the first founded by a layperson, the first founded by a woman, and the first to offer free education to anyone.[40]
1608	Juliana Morell	First woman to earn a doctorate degree.[41]
1678	Elena Cornaro Piscopia	First woman to earn a Philosophy doctorate degree.[42][43]
1732	Laura Bassi	First woman to officially teach at a European university.[44][45][46]
1874	Grace Annie Lockhart	First woman in the British Empire to receive a Bachelor's degree
1875	Stefania Wolicka-Arnd	First woman to receive a PhD in the modern era.[47][48]
1891	Juana Miranda	Ecuador's first female university professor.[49]
1912	Anna Jane McKeag	First woman president of Wilson College
1935	Kate Galt Zaneis	First woman president of a public college or university (Southeastern Normal College now Southeastern Oklahoma State)

General business

• 1500s: Philippine Welser, first European female billionaire.^{[citation needed][50]}
• 1889: Anna Bissell, first female CEO in the United States of America.^[51][52]
• 1903: Maggie L. Walker, first African-American woman to charter a bank.^{[citation needed][53]}
• 1915: Helena Rubinstein, first woman to found a cosmetics company.^[54]
• 1945: Ruth Handler, first female president of a major toy company.
• 1961: Katherine Graham, first female to lead a Fortune 500 company.^[55]
• 1992: Alice Walton, first female decabillionaire.^[56]
• 1999: Andrea Jung, first female CEO of a MLM company.^[57]
• 1999: Carly Fiorina, first female head of a Fortune 20 company.
• 2000: Martha Stewart, first self-made female American billionaire.^[58]
• 2003: Oprah Winfrey, first female African-American billionaire.^[3][4]
• 2013: Mary Barra, first female CEO of a major car manufacturer.^[59][60][61]
• 2019: Kylie Jenner, first female billionaire under 30.^[62][63]
• 2020: Rania Llewellyn, first female bank CEO in Canada.^[64]
• 2021: Kathryn Farmer, first female CEO of a major railroad.^[65]

History

• 1st century AD: Ban Zhao and Pamphile of Epidaurus – first female historians in Han China and the Roman Empire respectively.
• María del Pilar Fernández Vega – first female museum curator in Spain, National Archaeological Museum (Madrid).

International bodies

• 1950: Geronima Pecson – first Filipino and first woman elected to the executive board of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).^[66][67]
• 1981: Jeane Kirkpatrick – First woman to serve as US Ambassador to the United Nations.^[68]
• 2021: Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala became the first female Director-General of the World Trade Organization.^[69]

Journalism

• 1946: Katharine Graham – first female publisher of a major newspaper in the United States, The Washington Post.
• 1962: Ellene Mocria – first female radio newscaster and producer in Ethiopia.^[70]
• 1973: Linda Carter Brinson – first female assistant national editor at The Baltimore Sun.
• 2002: Linda Carter Brinson – first female editorial page editor at the Winston-Salem Journal.^{[citation needed]}
• 2004: Catherine Pepinster – first woman to be editor of British newspaper The Tablet in its 175-year history.^[71]

Library science

Mathematics

Military

Music

• 1984: Lydia Canaan, first rock star of the Middle East.^{[72][73][74][75][76]} She is cataloged in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum's Library and Archives.^[77]

Nobel Prizes

• 1903: Marie Sklodowska-Curie, first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physics; she shared the prize with Antoine Henri Becquerel and Pierre Curie.^[78] First woman to win a Nobel Prize.
• 1905: Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von Suttner, first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Peace.^[79]
• 1909: Selma Lagerlöf, first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.^[80]
• 1911: Marie Sklodowska-Curie, first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.^[81] First person (and only woman to date) to win two Nobel Prizes. Only person to win a Nobel Prize in two different sciences.
• 1947: Gerty Cori, first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; she shared the prize with Carl Ferdinand Cori and Bernardo Alberto Houssay.^[82][83] Although born in Prague, Gerty Cori is considered the first American woman to win a Nobel Prize in medicine.^[84] She had become a U.S. citizen in 1928.^[85]
• 1983: Barbara McClintock, first woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.^[86]
• 2009: Elinor Ostrom, first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Economics, and the first American woman to do so; she shared the prize with Oliver E. Williamson.^[87]

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_women's_firsts
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