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Mary Pickford (1892–1979) was a Canadian-American motion picture actress, producer, and writer. During the silent film era she became one of the first great celebrities of the cinema and a popular icon known to the public as "America's Sweetheart".[1]
Pickford was born Gladys Louise Smith in Toronto and began acting on stage in 1900. She started her film career in the United States in 1909.[2] Initially with the Biograph film company, she moved to the Independent Motion Picture Company (IMP) in 1911, then briefly to the Majestic Film Company later that same year, followed by a return to Biograph in 1912.[3] After appearing in over 150 short films during her years with these studios she began working in features with Zukor's Famous Players Film Company, a studio which eventually became part of Paramount Pictures. By 1916 Pickford's popularity had climbed to the point that she was awarded a contract that made her a partner with Zukor and allowed her to produce her own films.[4] In 1919 Pickford teamed with D.W. Griffith, Charlie Chaplin, and Douglas Fairbanks to create United Artists, an organization designed to distribute their own films.[5] Following the release of Secrets (1933) Pickford retired from acting in motion pictures. However, she remained active as a producer for several years afterwards.[6] She sold her stock in United Artists in 1956.[7]
Pickford won two Academy Awards in her lifetime. The first was in 1929 when she won the award for Best Actress for her performance in Coquette.[8] The second was in 1975 when she was presented with an Honorary Academy Award "in recognition of her unique contributions to the film industry and the development of film as an artistic medium".[8] As of 2009 two of Pickford's films have been added to the National Film Registry: Tess of the Storm Country (1914) and The Poor Little Rich Girl (1917).[9] For her work in motion pictures Pickford received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 6280 Hollywood Boulevard.[10]
Unless otherwise referenced, the information presented here is derived from the web site of the American Film Institute, the filmography prepared by Library of Congress historian Christel Schmidt, and the books Mary Pickford Rediscovered by Kevin Brownlow, Mary Pickford: From Here to Hollywood by Scott Eyman, and Pickford: The Woman Who Made Hollywood by Eileen Whitfield.
"The best known woman who has ever lived, the woman who was known to more people and loved by more people than any other woman that has been in all history."
Short films
Biograph (1909)
Mary Pickford began working for the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company in April 1909 and remained with the company until the end of 1910.[12][13] During this period Pickford made 43 films released in 1909, plus a 44th film that was not released. Most of these films are one-reelers while the remaining films are split-reelers (i.e. one of two films released on the same reel).
| Release date | Title | Credited as | Director | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Writer | Producer | Actress | Role | ||||
| May 24, 1909 | Two Memories | Yes | Marion's sister | D.W. Griffith | Split-reel | ||
| May 31, 1909 | His Duty | Yes | One of the children on the street | D.W. Griffith | Split-reel | ||
| June 7, 1909 | The Violin Maker of Cremona | Yes | Giannina, Taddeo's Daughter | D.W. Griffith | |||
| June 10, 1909 | The Lonely Villa | Yes | One of the Cullison Children | D.W. Griffith | Split-reel | ||
| June 14, 1909 | The Son's Return | Yes | Mary Clark | D.W. Griffith | |||
| June 17, 1909 | Faded Lilies | Yes | Girl at Party | D.W. Griffith | Split-reel | ||
| June 17, 1909 | Her First Biscuits | Yes | Biscuit Victim | D.W. Griffith | Split-reel The first film that Pickford made | ||
| June 24, 1909 | The Peach-Basket Hat | Yes | Woman on the Street and in Store | D.W. Griffith | Split-reel | ||
| June 28, 1909 | The Way of Man | Yes | Winnie, Mabel's Cousin | D.W. Griffith | |||
| July 1, 1909 | The Necklace | Yes | The Maid in the Pawnshop | D.W. Griffith | |||
| July 8, 1909 | The Country Doctor | Yes | Poor Mother's Elder Daughter | D.W. Griffith | |||
| July 12, 1909 | The Cardinal's Conspiracy | Yes | The Señorita | D.W. Griffith | |||
| July 15, 1909 | Tender Hearts | Yes | Nellie | D.W. Griffith | Split-reel | ||
| July 19, 1909 | The Renunciation | Yes | Kittie Ryan | D.W. Griffith | |||
| July 22, 1909 | Sweet and Twenty | Yes | Alice | D.W. Griffith | Split-reel | ||
| July 29, 1909 | The Slave | Yes | A Young Girl at Court | D.W. Griffith | |||
| August 9, 1909 | They Would Elope | Yes | Bessie | D.W. Griffith | |||
| August 19, 1909 | His Wife's Visitor | Yes | Bessie Wright | D.W. Griffith | |||
| August 23, 1909 | The Indian Runner's Romance | Yes | Blue Cloud's Wife | D.W. Griffith | |||
| August 26, 1909 | Oh, Uncle! | Yes | Bessie | D.W. Griffith | Split-reel | ||
| August 26, 1909 | The Seventh Day | Yes | The Maid | D.W. Griffith | Split-reel | ||
| September 2, 1909 | The Little Darling | Yes | The Little Darling | D.W. Griffith | |||
| September 2, 1909 | The Sealed Room | Yes | A Lady-in-Waiting | D.W. Griffith | |||
| September 6, 1909 | The Hessian Renegades | Yes | A member of the soldier's family | D.W. Griffith | |||
| September 13, 1909 | Getting Even | Yes | Yes | Miss Lucy | D.W. Griffith | Split-reel | |
| September 16, 1909 | The Broken Locket | Yes | Ruth King | D.W. Griffith | |||
| September 20, 1909 | In Old Kentucky | Yes | Homecoming Party | D.W. Griffith | |||
| September 30, 1909 | The Awakening | Yes | Yes | The Widow's Daughter | D.W. Griffith | ||
| October 11, 1909 | The Little Teacher | Yes | The Little Teacher | D.W. Griffith | |||
| October 18, 1909 | His Lost Love | Yes | Mary | D.W. Griffith | |||
| October 25, 1909 | In the Watches of the Night | Yes | Girl at Brainard's | D.W. Griffith | |||
| October 28, 1909 | Lines of White on a Sullen Sea | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Mary_Pickford_filmography||||||