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Programming languages can be grouped by the number and types of paradigms supported.

Paradigm summaries

A concise reference for the programming paradigms listed in this article.

• Concurrent programming – have language constructs for concurrency, these may involve multi-threading, support for distributed computing, message passing, shared resources (including shared memory), or futures
  • Actor programming – concurrent computation with actors that make local decisions in response to the environment (capable of selfish or competitive behaviour)
• Constraint programming – relations between variables are expressed as constraints (or constraint networks), directing allowable solutions (uses constraint satisfaction or simplex algorithm)
• Dataflow programming – forced recalculation of formulas when data values change (e.g. spreadsheets)
• Declarative programming – describes what computation should perform, without specifying detailed state changes c.f. imperative programming (functional and logic programming are major subgroups of declarative programming)
• Distributed programming – have support for multiple autonomous computers that communicate via computer networks
• Functional programming – uses evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids state and mutable data
• Generic programming – uses algorithms written in terms of to-be-specified-later types that are then instantiated as needed for specific types provided as parameters
• Imperative programming – explicit statements that change a program state
• Logic programming – uses explicit mathematical logic for programming
• Metaprogramming – writing programs that write or manipulate other programs (or themselves) as their data, or that do part of the work at compile time that would otherwise be done at runtime
  • Template metaprogramming – metaprogramming methods in which a compiler uses templates to generate temporary source code, which is merged by the compiler with the rest of the source code and then compiled
  • Reflective programming – metaprogramming methods in which a program modifies or extends itself
• Object-oriented programming – uses data structures consisting of data fields and methods together with their interactions (objects) to design programs
  • Class-based – object-oriented programming in which inheritance is achieved by defining classes of objects, versus the objects themselves
  • Prototype-based – object-oriented programming that avoids classes and implements inheritance via cloning of instances
• Pipeline programming – a simple syntax change to add syntax to nest function calls to language originally designed with none
• Rule-based programming – a network of rules of thumb that comprise a knowledge base and can be used for expert systems and problem deduction & resolution
• Visual programming – manipulating program elements graphically rather than by specifying them textually (e.g. Simulink); also termed diagrammatic programming^[1]

Language overview

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Multi-paradigm_programming_language
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List of multi-paradigm programming languages

Language	Paradigm count	Concurrent	Constraints	Dataflow	Declarative	Distributed	Functional	Metaprogramming	Generic	Imperative	Logic	Reflection	Object-oriented	Pipelines	Visual	Rule-based	Other
Ada​[2]​[3]​[4]​[5]​[6]	5	Yes​[a 1]	—	—	—	Yes	—	—	Yes	Yes	—	—	Yes​[a 2]	—	—	—	—
ALF	2	—	—	—	—	—	Yes	—	—	—	Yes	—	—	—	—	—	—
AmigaE [citation needed]	2	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Yes	—	—	Yes​[a 2]	—	—	—	—
APL	3	—	—	—	—	—	Yes	—	—	Yes	—	—	—	—	—	—	Array (multi-dimensional)
BETA [citation needed]	3	—	—	—	—	—	Yes	—	—	Yes	—	—	Yes​[a 2]	—	—	—	—
C++	7 (15)	Yes​[7]​[8]​[9]	Library​[10]	Library​[11]​[12]	Library​[13]​[14]	Library​[15]​[16]	Yes	Yes​[17]	Yes​[a 3]	Yes	Library​[18]​[19]	Library​[20]	Yes​[a 2]	Yes​[21]	—	Library​[22]	Array (multi-dimensional; using STL)
C#	6 (7)	Yes	—	Library​[a 4]	—	—	Yes​[a 5]	—	Yes	Yes	—	Yes	Yes​[a 2]	—	—	—	Reactive​[a 6]
ChucK [citation needed]	3	Yes	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Yes	—	—	Yes​[a 2]	—	—	—	—
Claire	2	—	—	—	—	—	Yes	—	—	—	—	—	Yes​[a 2]	—	—	—	—
Clojure	5	Yes​[23]​[24]	—	—	Yes	—	Yes​[25]	Yes​[26]	—	—	Library​[27]	—	—	Yes​[28]	Editor​[29]	—	Multiple dispatch,​[30] Agents​[31]
Common Lisp	7 (14)	Library​[32]	Library​[33]	Library​[34]	Yes​[35]	Library​[36]	Yes	Yes	Yes​[37]	Yes	Library​[38]	Yes	Yes​[a 7]​[a 2]​[39]	Library​[40]	Library​[41]	Library​[42]	Multiple dispatch, meta-OOP system,​[43] Language is extensible via metaprogramming.
Curl	5	—	—	—	—	—	Yes	—	Yes​[a 3]	Yes	—	Yes	Yes​[a 2]	—	—	—	—
Curry	4	Yes	Yes	—	—	—	Yes	—	—	—	Yes	—	—	—	—	—	—
D (version 2.0)​[44]​[45]	7	Yes​[a 8]	—	—	—	—	Yes	Yes​[46]​[a 3]	Yes​[a 3]	Yes	—	Yes	Yes​[a 2]	—	—	—	—
Delphi	3	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Yes​[a 3]	Yes	—	—	Yes​[a 2]	—	—	—	—
Dylan [citation needed]	3	—	—	—	—	—	Yes	—	—	—	—	Yes	Yes​[a 2]	—	—	—	—
E	3	Yes	—	—	—	Yes	—	—	—	—	—	—	Yes​[a 2]	—	—	—	—
ECMAScript​[47]​[48] (ActionScript, E4X, JavaScript, JScript)	4 (5)	Partial​[a 9]​[a 10]	—	—	Library​[49]​[50]	—	Yes	—	—	Yes	—	Yes	Yes​[a 11]	Library​[51]​[52]	Editor​[53]	—	Reactive,​[a 12]​[54] event driven​[a 13]​[a 14]
Erlang	3	Yes	—	—	Yes	Yes	Yes	—	—	—	—	—	—	Yes	—	—	—
Elixir	4	Yes	—	—	—	Yes	Yes	Yes	—	—	—	—	—	Yes	—	—	—
Elm	6	Yes	—	Yes	Yes	—	Yes (pure)​[a 15]	—	Yes	—	—	—	—	Yes	—	—	Reactive
F#	7 (8)	Yes​[a 8]	—	Library​[a 4]	Yes	—	Yes	—	Yes	Yes	—	Yes	Yes​[a 2]	—	—	—	Reactive​[a 6]
Fortran	4 (5)	Yes	—	—	—	—	Yes​[a 15]	—	Yes​[a 16]	—	—	—	Yes​[a 2]	—	—	—	Array (multi-dimensional)
Go	4	Yes	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Yes	—	Yes	—	Yes	—	—	—
Haskell	8 (15)	Yes	Library​[55]	Library​[56]	Yes	Library​[57]	Yes (lazy) (pure)​[a 15]	Yes​[58]	Yes	Yes	Library​[59]	—	Partial​[a 17]	Yes	Yes	Library​[60]	Literate, reactive, dependent types (partial)
Io	4	Yes​[a 8]	—	—	—	—	Yes	—	—	Yes	—	—	Yes​[a 11]	—	—	—	—
J [citation needed]	3	—	—	—	—	—	Yes	—	—	Yes	—	—	Yes​[a 2]	—	—	—	—
Java	6	Yes	Library​[61]	Library​[62]	—	—	Yes	—	Yes	Yes	—	Yes	Yes​[a 2]	—	—	—	—
Julia	9 (17)	Yes	Library​[63]	Library​[64]​[65]	Library​[66]	Yes	Yes (eager)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Library​[67]	Yes	Yes​[a 18]	Yes	—	Library​[68]​[69]	Multiple dispatch, Array (multi-dimensional); optionally lazy​[70] and reactive (with libraries)
Kotlin	8	Yes	—	—	—	—	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	—	Yes	Yes	Yes	—	—	—
LabVIEW	4	Yes	—	Yes	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Yes	—	Yes	—	—
Lava	2	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Yes​[a 2]	—	Yes	—	—
LispWorks (version 6.0 with support for symmetric multi-processing, rules, logic (Prolog), CORBA)	9	Yes	—	—	—	Yes	Yes	Yes	—	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes​[a 2]	—	—	Yes	—
Lua [citation needed]	3	—	—	—	—	—	Yes	—	—	Yes	—	—	Yes​[a 11]	—	—	—	—
MATLAB	6 (10)