North Miami, Florida
City
City Hall
Seal
Nickname:  NoMi
Motto:  City of Progress
Location in Miami-Dade County and the state of Florida
U.S. Census Bureau map showing city limits
Coordinates: 25°53′42.08″N 80°11′8.69″W / 25.8950222°N 80.1857472°W / 25.8950222; -80.1857472
Country	United States of America
State	Florida
County	Miami-Dade
Settled	1890
Incorporated (town)	February 1, 1926
Incorporated (city)	May 27, 1953
Government
• Type	Council-Manager
• Mayor	Alix Desulme
• Vice Mayor	Mary Estimé-Irvin
• Councilors	Scott Galvin, Kassandra Timothe, and Pierre Frantz Charles
• City Manager	Rasha Cameau
• City Clerk	Vanessa Joseph
Area [1]
• Total	10.05 sq mi (26.03 km2)
• Land	8.46 sq mi (21.91 km2)
• Water	1.59 sq mi (4.12 km2)  15.32%
Elevation	7 ft (3.96 m)
Highest elevation	42 ft (13 m)
Population  (2020)
• Total	60,191
• Density	6,000/sq mi (2,300/km2)
Time zone	UTC−05:00 (EST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−04:00 (EDT)
ZIP Codes	33161, 33167, 33168, 33181, 33160 (North Miami Beach)
Area code(s)	305, 786, 645
FIPS code	12-49450[2]
GNIS feature ID	0287837[3]
Website	www.northmiamifl.gov

North Miami is a suburban city located in northeast Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States, about 10 miles (16 km) north of Miami. The city lies on Biscayne Bay and hosts the Biscayne Bay Campus of Florida International University.. Originally the "Town of Arch Creek", the area was incorporated as the "Town of Miami Shores", which was renamed the "Town of North Miami" in 1931. It was reincorporated as a city in 1953. The city is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida.

The city is also home to the Oleta River State Park, which is the state's largest urban park.^[4]

As of 2020^[update], the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau is 60,191.^[5] North Miami is the seventh largest city in Miami-Dade County.^[6]

History

Early history

In the final phase of Indian inhabitation of the area that eventually became "North Miami", United States Army soldiers in 1856 cut a Military Trail through nearly impassable thickets and rivers connecting Fort Lauderdale to Fort Dallas at the mouth of the Miami River. This eight-foot trail, Dade County’s first roadway, crossed a unique natural bridge—a natural limestone bridge spanning 40 feet (12 m) across the creek that no longer stands in Arch Creek Memorial Park—in an area that would attract a settlement that early on would be known as "Arch Creek". Even before 1890, a handful of adventuresome pioneers spent brief periods around the Arch Creek Natural Bridge, a centuries-old Indian settlement.

In 1891, Mr. Ilhe was the first to put down roots in the Arch Creek vicinity. He purchased 80 acres (320,000 m²) from the State of Florida at one dollar an acre in the area of today’s N.E. 116th Street and Biscayne Boulevard. The place was so remote that his nearest northern neighbor was thought to live in Ft. Lauderdale. Mr. Ihle built a temporary palmetto frond shelter. During the next 27 years he grew shallots, coontie, squashes, bananas, sugar cane, Puerto Rican pineapples, lemons, guavas, limes, rose apples, Jamaican apples, and tomatoes.

By 1905 the area surrounding the nine-year-old Arch Creek Railroad Depot had become the community’s hub. It was located at 125th Street and the F.E.C. tracks. That year a post office and a school were opened nearby. By 1912, eighteen homes, a church, a general store, a blacksmith shop, and two tomato packing houses were located around the railroad. The population was estimated at less than one hundred. Farming was still the principal occupation.

The Florida land boom that was underway in the 1920s spread to the Arch Creek farming community. The Biscayne Canal was dug in 1924 to remove farmland from flooded conditions. But as a consequence, the soil began to lose its moisture, and the farming which had been the backbone of the economy was no longer profitable. However, in step with the times, this drained land became available for partitioning, lot sales, and development.

Birth of North Miami

Thirty-eight out of the forty-seven registered voters, at the encouragement of developers E.C. Harner, Earl Irons, and Arthur Griffing, showed up and voted to incorporate into a town on February 5, 1926. North Miami, between 1926 and 1931, was named "Town of Miami Shores", partially because its early eastern boundary was the Atlantic Ocean. The Town limits were: bounded on the south by Miami and Miami Beach, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by 17th Avenue, and on the north by a line which approximates Golden Glades Drive or 166th Street. Incorporation moved costs from developers to residents and lot purchasers. Late in 1926, a bond issue of $287,000 was passed to build streets, sidewalks, a town hall, a water system, and fire protection.

The devastating September 1926 hurricane burst the real estate land speculation. The local community recovered from the damage, but lot sales came to a stop, and the northern tourist's names showed up in great numbers on the delinquent tax list. Some money from the bond issue was used to build a Spanish-Mediterranean style city hall building at N.E. 8th Avenue and 125th Street in 1928. The City Hall also housed the police and fire departments. In the 1930s a new water plant and gravity tank were installed behind City Hall. The first newspaper, The Miami Shores Bulletin, was published in 1927–1928 and chronicled the events of the times. The historic William Jennings Bryan school was constructed in 1928 on the same spot where the Arch Creek Elementary School had burned down the year before.^[7]

The 1930s

Seven miles (11 km) of Atlantic oceanfront beachland property from the Broward County line southward to Surfside were removed from the town limits as a result of a 1931 Florida Supreme Court decision. The 1926 hurricane ended plans for a causeway to deliver municipal services to that area of town. With no services being received, the beach area instituted a lengthy court lawsuit to separate and form their own community.

The wealthy Shoreland Company, located to the south of the Town, lobbied the 1931 Florida Legislature to officially grant their huge development the name "Village of Miami Shores". The Legislature did so. It also passed an official act abolishing "Town of Miami Shores" as a name. The next step was for the local population to choose a new name. The municipality was renamed the "Town of North Miami".

During the Depression years, in 1933, Mrs. Cecille Sevier and Mrs. Ella S. Klefeker became the first two women elected to the Town Council. The 1940s census stated that 1,973 inhabitants lived in the "Town of North Miami".

Post World War II growth

At the end of World War II in 1945, the large and constant influx of former military veterans and their young families changed the face of North Miami by ushering in a great growth period. Homebuilding, road building, shops, stores, and office business construction now continued for decades almost without stopping. By 1951 it was reported nationally that North Miami was one of the fastest-growing towns in the United States. During this time, the growing community needed a high school, so in 1951 construction started for North Miami High School. In August 1954, North Miami High School opened its doors for the children of the growing community.

Partially to meet this challenge of fast growth, the voters of North Miami in 1952 voted to adopt a new charter and a new name. The new charter, enacted as an official statute of the Florida Legislature on May 27, 1953, provided for the establishment of a full-time administrative head (City Manager form of government) to carry out the policies of the elected Mayor/Council. The new and present name officially introduced on this date—the City of North Miami.^[8]

North Miami is known for its large Haitian-American population. In 2001, voters made Republican Josaphat Celestin the first Haitian American mayor of a large Miami-Dade County community. In 2009, voters made Democrat and Haitian immigrant Andre Pierre mayor of North Miami.^[9] In 2013, voters made Haitian American Lucie Tondreau the city's first female Haitian-American Mayor;^[10] she soon left office following about being criminally charged.^[11][12] In 2014, voters made Haitian immigrant Dr. Smith Joseph mayor of North Miami.^[13] In 2019, voters made Philippe Bien-Aime, who was born in Haiti and migrated to the US in 1993, mayor of North Miami.^[14]

Geography

North Miami is located at 25°53′42″N 80°11′09″W / 25.895022°N 80.185747°W / 25.895022; -80.185747.^[15]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.0 square miles (26 km²). 8.5 square miles (22 km²) of it is land and 1.5 square miles (3.9 km²) of it (15.32%) is water.

Climate

North Miami has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am). Summers are very hot and long lasting with very warm nights with very plentiful and heavy rainfall. Winters are short, warm, and dry.

Surrounding areas

  Golden Glades, North Miami Beach

  Opa-locka Sunny Isles Beach

  Westview   Sunny Isles Beach, Biscayne Bay, Bay Harbor Islands

  Westview Biscayne Bay

Pinewood, Unincorporated Miami-Dade County, Biscayne Park

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1940	1,973		—
1950	10,734		444.0%
1960	28,708		167.4%
1970	34,767		21.1%
1980	42,566		22.4%
1990	49,998		17.5%
2000	59,880		19.8%
2010	58,786		−1.8%
2020	60,191		2.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[17]

2010 and 2020 census

North Miami, Florida – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.

Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)	Pop 2010[18]	Pop 2020[19]	% 2010	% 2020
White (NH)	7,287	6,513	12.40%	10.82%
Black or African American (NH)	33,243	30,397	56.55%	50.50%
Native American or Alaska Native (NH)	123	77	0.21%	0.13%
Asian (NH)	950	907	1.62%	1.51%
Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian (NH)	22	4	0.04%	0.01%
Some other race (NH)	162	496	0.28%	0.82%
Mixed race or Multi-racial (NH)	1,040	1,449	1.77%	2.41%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	15,959	20,348	27.15%	33.81%
Total	58,786	60,191	100.00%	100.00%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 60,191 people, 19,529 households, and 12,828 families residing in the city.^[20]

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 58,786 people, 18,554 households, and 12,768 families residing in the city.^[21]

2000 census

As of 2000, 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.0% were married couples living together, 20.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.51.

In 2000, the city the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 9.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.0 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $29,778, and the median income for a family was $31,760. Males had a median income of $25,388 versus $20,712 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,581. About 20.7% of families and 23.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.5% of those under age 18 and 17.2% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, residents who spoke English as a first language were 35.50% of the population, French Creole 33.28%, Spanish 24.89%, and French 2.69% of the population.^[22]

Ethnic groups

As of 2011^[update] North Miami has a middle class Haitian American population; many Haitians moved from the inner city of Miami to North Miami.^[23]

Government

North Miami is governed using the council-manager system. The mayor and the city clerk are elected at large. There are four districts each electing one member of the council. The council has authority over the manager.^[24][25]

Mayors of North Miami, Florida

Image Mayor Years Notes ? Frank Wolland 1999–2001 Josaphat Celestin 2001–2005 First Haitian American and African-American mayor of North Miami Kevin Burns 2005–2009 Andre Pierre 2009–2013 Lucie Tondreau 2013 – May 21, 2014 First Haitian American and African-American female mayor of North Miami. On May 21, 2014, she was suspended as Mayor of North Miami after allegations of mortgage fraud.[26] Vice Mayor Philippe Bien-Aime was named acting mayor. Philippe Bien-Aime May 21, 2014 – November 5, 2014 (Acting) Smith Joseph November 5, 2014 – 2019 Philippe Bien-Aime May 28, 2019 – October 18, 2022 Sworn in on May 28, 2019[27] Resigned on October 18, 2022 to run for Miami-Dade City Commission Alix Desulme 2022 to present

Economy

Yogen Früz has its United States East Coast offices in North Miami.^[28]

Transportation

In December 2004, the city of North Miami implemented a free community bus service called the NoMi Express, in order to increase the number of local destinations that can be reached through public transit. Since its inauguration in December 2004, the NoMi Express averages approximately 750 boardings per day, which translates to 16,000 boardings per month, or 190,000 boardings annually.^[29] The county-wide Metrobus system also serves North Miami.

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=North_Miami,_Florida
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