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The Olympic Games have been broadcast on television since the 1936 Summer Olympics.

1930s

1936 Summer Olympics

The 1936 games, held in Berlin, Germany, were televised by means of closed circuit television to various viewing halls.^[1] Broadcasts of the Games were made available in more than two dozen halls in Berlin, Leipzig and Potsdam and the Olympic village.^[2]

1940s

1948 Summer Olympics

The BBC provided coverage of the 1948 Summer Olympics on their television service, live from Wembley Stadium and the Empire Pool. Coverage was mainly limited to the London area,^[1] but could be picked up as far away as the Channel Islands in certain conditions.^[3]

1950s

1956 Summer Olympics

Television service was introduced to Australia in time for the 1956 Games in Melbourne. International broadcasting institutions present were BBC, CBS, NBC, Eurovision and United Press. These Games were the first time broadcasting rights were sold.^[4][5][6][7]

1956 Winter Games

RAI introduced the first Winter Games coverage ever, and the first Olympic one extended to an international audience. The broadcasts were relayed live via Eurovision to Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, West Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Switzerland.^[4][5]

1960s

In the United Kingdom, ITV covered the Summer Olympic Games in 1968, 1972, 1976 and 1980 in addition to the BBC. An industrial dispute prevented coverage of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics but the Games returned to ITV screens in 1988, sharing the coverage with Channel 4 - Channel 4 showing the overnight and breakfast coverage with ITV covering the daytime action as well as broadcasting early evening highlights programmes. The 1988 Olympics were the last time that the Games have been shown on ITV with subsequent Olympic Games being shown only on the BBC. ITV only broadcast the Winter Olympics in 1968.

1960 Winter Games

CBS paid $50,000 for the right to broadcast the games in the United States, and this marked the first time the Olympic Games were televised there.^[8] Also, officials, unsure if a skier had missed a gate in the men's slalom, asked CBS if they could review a videotape of the race. This would be the impetus and inspiration for CBS to develop what would come to be known as "instant replay."^[9]

1960 Summer Olympics

CBS paid $394,000 ($3.11 million in 2023) for the exclusive rights to broadcast the Games in the United States. This was the first Summer Olympic games to be telecast in North America. In addition to CBS in the United States, the Olympics were telecast for the first time in Canada (on CBC Television) and in Mexico (through the networks of Telesistema Mexicano). Since television broadcast satellites were still two years into the future, CBS, CBC, and TSM shot and edited videotapes in Rome, fed the tapes to Paris where they were re-recorded onto other tapes, which were then loaded onto jet planes to North America. Planes carrying the tapes landed at Idlewild Airport in New York City, where mobile units fed the tapes to CBS, to Toronto for the CBC, and to Mexico City for Televisa. Despite this arrangement, many daytime events were broadcast in North America, especially on CBS and CBC, the same day they took place.^[10]

1964 Summer Olympics

The Tokyo 1964 games were the first to be telecast internationally. The games were telecast to the United States using Syncom 3,^[11] the first geostationary communication satellite, and from there to Europe using Relay 1, an older satellite which allowed only 15–20 minutes of broadcast during each of its orbits.^[12][13] Total broadcast time of programs delivered via satellite was 5 hours 41 minutes in the United States, 12 hours 27 minutes in Europe, and 14 hours 18 minutes in Canada. Pictures were received via satellite in the United States, Canada, and 21 countries in Europe.^[14] Several broadcasters recorded some sports from Japan and flown over to their countries.

TRANSPAC-1, the first trans-Pacific communications cable from Japan to Hawaii was also finished in June 1964 in time for these games. Before this, most communications from Japan to other countries were via shortwave.^[14]

1968 Winter Games

Frenchman Jean-Claude Killy won three gold medals in all the alpine skiing events. In women's figure skating, Peggy Fleming won the only United States gold medal. The games^[8] have been credited with making the Winter Olympics more popular in the United States, not least of which because of ABC's extensive coverage of Fleming and Killy, who became overnight sensations among teenage girls.

1970s

1972 Summer Olympics

Munich massacre

Initial news reports, published all over the world, indicated that all the hostages were alive, and that all the terrorists had been killed. Only later did a representative for the International Olympic Committee (IOC) suggest that "initial reports were overly optimistic." Jim McKay, who was covering the Olympics that year for ABC, had taken on the job of reporting the events as Roone Arledge fed them into his earpiece. At 3:24 A.M. (German Time), McKay received the official confirmation:

When I was a kid, my father used to say, 'Our greatest hopes and our worst fears are seldom realized.' Our worst fears have been realized tonight. They’ve now said that there were eleven hostages. Two were killed in their rooms yesterday morning, nine were killed at the airport tonight. They’re all gone.^[15]

1980s

1980 Winter Games

Miracle on Ice

The rest of the United States (except those who watched the game live on Canadian television) would have to wait to see the game, as ABC decided to broadcast the late-afternoon game on tape delay in prime time.

Though the game was on live television in the Soviet Union, it was played at 1:00 AM Moscow time. This afforded CPSU officials some ability to squelch news and discussion; Pravda did not carry a game report or mention the match in its post-Olympic wrap-up, and the hockey players were quickly and quietly herded away from the arrival reception for Olympic athletes at Moscow's airport.

1980 Summer Olympics

Major broadcasters of the games were USSR State TV and Radio (1,370 accreditation cards), Eurovision (31 countries, 818 cards) and Intervision (11 countries, 342 cards).^[16] Asahi TV with 68 cards provided coverage for Japan, while OTI representing the Spanish-speaking world received 59 cards, TVNZ (New Zealand) was aired live and the Channel Seven provided coverage for Australia (48 cards).^[16] NBC,^[8] which had intended to be another major broadcaster, canceled its coverage in response to the U.S. boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics, and became a minor broadcaster with 56 accreditation cards,^[16] although the network did air highlights and recaps of the games on a regular basis. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation almost canceled their plans for coverage after Canada took part in the boycott and was represented by 9 cards.^[16]

The television centre used 20 TV channels. Montreal had used 16, Munich 12, Mexico City 7.

1984 Summer Olympics

The price for ABC's 180 hours of television was $225 million.^[17] All Los Angeles radio and television stations covered the Olympics^[18] extensively throughout the event. The Summer broadcast rights almost tripled from 1980 to 1984 ($87 million to $225 million) and both Winter and Summer rights have gone for $300 million or more since 1988.

1988 Winter Olympics

The American host network, ABC, paid a then record US$309 million, while the main host broadcaster, the Canadian CTV television network, won the domestic rights for CA$4.5 million. A further $90 million was raised by sponsorships and licenses.

1988 Summer Olympics

The games were covered by the following broadcasters:

1990s

1992 Summer Olympicsedit

The exploding costs of the Games sent networks looking for alternative strategies to ease the financial burden. In 1992, NBC made an attempt at utilizing pay-per-view subscriptions with the "Olympic Triplecast", which was organized in conjunction with Cablevision and intended to sell packages of commercial-free, extensive programming.^[18]

NBC, which had the broadcast rights to the games, partnered with Cablevision for the experiment, believing that people would pay between $95 and $170 to see events live that would normally be shown on tape delay on the network in prime time. By the time the games began, relatively few people had ordered the package, which featured Red, White and Blue channels on a special three-button remote control offered by some cable operators for free as a lure to sign up for the service.^[19]

The plan was a failure, mainly due to viewers' reluctance to pay to see some events when network coverage of others was free of charge. NBC and Cablevision would lose millions of dollars, with one estimate putting their losses at $100 million.

The games were covered by the following broadcasters:

•  Algeria: ENTV
•  Argentina: Channel 20, América TV, Telefe Channel 13
•  Australia: Seven Network
•  Austria: ORF
•  Belarus: btv
•  Belgium: BRTN, RTBF
•  Brazil: Rede Bandeirantes, Rede Globo, SBT, Rede Manchete, TopSport
•  Bulgaria: BNT
•  Canada: CTV, TVA
•  China: CCTV
•  Chile: Channel 13, TVN
•  Colombia: Canal A
•  Croatia: HRT
•  Cuba: ICRT
•  Cyprus: CyBC
•  Czechoslovakia: ČST
•  Denmark: DR
•  Egypt: ERTU
•  Estonia: ETV
•  Finland: Yle
•  France: Antenne 2, FR3, TF1, Canal+
•  Germany: ARD, RTL, ZDF
•  Greece:
•  Hong Kong: TVB (Cantonese & English), STAR TV (Chinese & English)
•  Hungary: MTV
•  Iceland: RÚV
•  India: Doordarshan
•  Indonesia: TVRI, RCTI, SCTV
•  Iran: Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting
•  Ireland: RTÉ
•  Israel: IBA
•  Italy: RAI
•  Japan: Japan Consortium
•  Jordan: JRTV
•  Lebanon: Télé Liban
•  Libya: LJBC
•  Lithuania: LTV
•  Luxembourg: RTL
•  Macau: TDM, STAR TV (Chinese & English)
•  Malaysia: RTM (TV1 & TV2), STMB (TV3)
•  Malta: MBA
•  Mexico: Televisa
•  Monaco: RMC
•  Mongolia: MNB
•  Morocco: RTM
•  Netherlands: NOS
•  New Zealand: TVNZ
•  Norway: NRK
•  Pakistan: PTV
•  Philippines: ABS-CBN
•  Poland: TVP
•  Portugal: RTP
•  Puerto Rico: WIPR
•  Romania: RTP
•  Russia: Public Russian Television, VGTRK Olympiade
•  Singapore: SBC Channel 12
•  Slovenia: RTVSLO
•  South Africa: SABC
•  South Korea: KBS (KBS 1TV), SBS, MBC
•  Spain: TVE
•  Sweden: SVT
•   Switzerland: SRG SSR, TSI
•  Taiwan: TTV, CTV, CTS
•  Thailand: Channel 3, Channel 5, Channel 7, Channel 9, Television Thailand Channel 11
•  Tunisia: ERTT
•  Turkey: TRT
•  United Kingdom: BBC
•  United States: NBC, Cablevision
•  Venezuela: Venevisión

1994 Winter Gamesedit

When the construction of the Lysgårdsbakkene jumping hills started in 1992, the hills had to be moved some meters north so that the American broadcaster CBS could get the best pictures available from their pre-chosen location. ^{[citation needed]} CBS became the largest source of revenue for the hosts.

1996 Summer Olympicsedit

For Atlanta 1996, NBC bought the broadcasting rights for US$456 million.^[20] Other broadcasters included:

•  Brazil: Rede Globo, Rede Manchete, Rede Bandeirantes, Rede Record, SBT, CNT, TVE Brasil, ESPN Brasil, PSN Brasil
•  China: CCTV
•  Canada: CBC
•  France: TF1, FTV, Eurosport
•  Germany: ARD, ZDF
•  India: Doordarshan
•  Indonesia: TVRI, RCTI, SCTV, Anteve and Indosiar
•  Italy: RAI
Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Olympics_on_television
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