Orokaiva language

Orokaiva
Orokaiva
Orokaivic
Native to	Papua New Guinea
Region	Oro Province
Ethnicity	Orokaiva
Native speakers	47,000 (2000 census – 2007)
Language family	Trans–New Guinea Binanderean Orokaiva; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Variously:; okv – Orokaiva; hkk – Hunjara; aez – Aeka
Glottolog	orok1268
IETF	okv

Orokaiva is a Papuan language spoken in the "tail" of Papua New Guinea.

Varieties

Orokaiva is spoken in 200 villages around Popondetta in Oro Province.

Hunjara is spoken in Kokoda Rural LLG of Oro Province.

Aeka is spoken in Tamata Rural LLG of Oro Province.^[1]

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ŋ
Plosive	voiceless	p	t	k
Plosive	voiced	b	d	ɡ
Affricate			d͡z
Fricative			s		h

Voiced stops /b, d, ɡ/ may fluctuate to prenasalized stop sounds in word-initial position. The prenasalized stop sounds are also heard among the voiced stops when in post-nasal sequences.

/b/ can be heard as in intervocalic positions, and may also be heard as a voiced bilabial rounded fricative when before /a/ in intervocalic positions..
/d/ may occur as flap sounds in free fluctuation in word-medial positions, except when after a nasal sound.
/d͡z/ may have fluctuating allophones of occurring in syllable-initial positions.
Word-final nasal sounds /-n, -ŋ/ when after a vowel, may result in vowel nasalization .

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
Mid	e		o
Low		a

Sounds can have allophones .

References

^ ^a ^b Orokaiva at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Hunjara at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Aeka at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ "Orokaiva". IANA language subtag registry. 29 July 2009. Retrieved 8 February 2019.

Larsen, Robert E. & Marlys Larsen. 1977. Orokaiva phonology and orthography. In Richard Loving (ed.), Phonologies of five P.N.G. languages, 5-28. Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics.

External links

Humotepain-Ari te Giu, Prayers and Offices in Orokaiva (1953) Digitized by Richard Mammana
"Orokaiva Phonology and Orthography" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-10. Retrieved 2018-07-10. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

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[e18-1] Orokaiva at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Hunjara at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Aeka at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[wikidata-6f958146c1324dcb638052db8edadda3cd3062d6-v13-2] "Orokaiva". IANA language subtag registry. 29 July 2009. Retrieved 8 February 2019.

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