Political party in Germany - Biblioteka.sk

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Political party in Germany
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The Federal Republic of Germany has a plural multi-party system. The largest by members and parliament seats are the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), with its sister party, the Christian Social Union (CSU) and Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).

Germany also has a number of other parties, in recent history most importantly the Free Democratic Party (FDP), Alliance 90/The Greens, The Left, and more recently the Alternative for Germany (AfD), founded in 2013. The federal government of Germany often consisted of a coalition of a major and a minor party, specifically CDU/CSU and FDP or SPD and FDP, and from 1998 to 2005 SPD and Greens. From 1966 to 1969, from 2005 to 2009 and from 2013 to 2021, the federal government consisted of a coalition of the two major parties, called a grand coalition.[1]

Coalitions in the Bundestag and state legislatures are often described by party colors. Party colors are red for the Social Democratic Party, green for Alliance 90/The Greens, yellow for the Free Democratic Party, purple (officially red, which is customarily used for the SPD) for the Left, light blue for the AfD, and black and blue for the CDU and CSU respectively.[2][3]

Current parties

Party membership in Germany (since 1945; East German parties joined in 1990)

Parties represented in the Bundestag and/or the European Parliament

Party Abbr. Leader(s) Ideology Political position MdBs MEPs EP group Membership
Social Democratic Party of Germany
Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands
SPD Lars Klingbeil,
Saskia Esken
Social democracy
Pro-Europeanism
Centre-left
206 / 734
14 / 96
S&D 379,861
Christian Democratic Union of Germany
Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands
CDU Friedrich Merz Centre-right
152 / 734
23 / 96
EPP 371,986
Christian Social Union in Bavaria
Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern
CSU Markus Söder Centre-right
43 / 734
6 / 96
EPP 132,000
Alliance 90/The Greens
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen
GRÜNE Ricarda Lang,
Omid Nouripour
Centre-left
118 / 734
12 / 96
Greens/EFA 126,451
Free Democratic Party
Freie Demokratische Partei
FDP Christian Lindner Liberalism
Classical liberalism
Conservative liberalism
Pro-Europeanism
Centre-right
91 / 734
5 / 96
RE 73,000
Alternative for Germany
Alternative für Deutschland
AfD Tino Chrupalla,
Alice Weidel
Right-wing populism
National conservatism
German nationalism
Euroscepticism
Far-right[a]
80 / 734
15 / 96
ID 34,000
The Left
Die Linke
LINKE Martin Schirdewan,
Janine Wissler
Democratic socialism
Left-wing populism
Left-wing
28 / 734
3 / 96
GUE/NGL 54,214
Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht
BSW
BSW Sahra Wagenknecht,
Amira Mohamed Ali
Socialism
Social conservatism
Left-wing populism
Left-wing[b]
10 / 734
6 / 96
- 450[4]
South Schleswig Voters' Association
Südschleswigscher Wählerverband
SSW Christian Dirschauer Social liberalism
Regionalism
Danish minority interests
Frisian minority interests
Centre-left
1 / 734
0 / 96
Greens/EFA 3,216
Free Voters
Freie Wähler
FW Hubert Aiwanger Liberal conservatism
Regionalism
Soft Euroscepticism[5]
Centre-right
0 / 734
3 / 96
RE 6,225
Volt Germany
Volt Deutschland
Volt Lara Neumann, Tim Marton Social liberalism
Pro-Europeanism
European federalism
Centre-left
0 / 734
3 / 96
Greens/EFA 4,000
Die PARTEI
Partei für Arbeit, Rechtsstaat, Tierschutz,
Elitenförderung und basisdemokratische Initiative
Die PARTEI Martin Sonneborn Left-wing
0 / 734
2 / 96
- 51,078
Ecological Democratic Party
Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei
ÖDP Christian Rechholz Green conservatism Centre-right
0 / 734
1 / 96
Greens/EFA 8,035
Party of Progress
Partei des Fortschritts
PdF Lukas Sieper Grassroots democracy
Liberalism
Social liberalism
Pro-Europeanism
Centre-left
0 / 734
1 / 96
- 302
Family Party of Germany
Familien-Partei Deutschlands
Familie Helmut Geuking Conservatism
Familialism
Social conservatism
Christian democracy
Centre-right to right-wing
0 / 734
1 / 96
EPP 705
Party Human Environment Animal protection
Partei Mensch Umwelt Tierschutz
Tierschutzpartei Aida Spiegeler Castaneda
Marcel Krohn
Robert Gabel
Animal rights
Environmentalism
0 / 734
1 / 96
APEU 2,400
  1. ^ A right-wing party originally starting as a centre-right alternative to the CDU/CSU, since 2015 it is considered to be part of the radical right, a subset of the far-right that does not oppose democracy.
  2. ^ BSW has been variously described as left-wing, far-left, and left-conservative; the latter label is due to its more right-wing stance on socio-cultural issues.

Regional parties represented in only one state parliament

Name Abbr. Leader(s) Ideology Political position MdLs State
Brandenburg United Civic Movements/Free Voters
Brandenburger Vereinigte Bürgerbewegungen / Freie Wähler
BVB/FW Péter Vida Regionalism
5 / 88
Brandenburg
Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Political_party_in_Germany
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