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The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) specifies a general-purpose data format and network protocol for transmitting digital media streams on Internet Protocol (IP) networks. The details of media encoding, such as signal sampling rate, frame size and timing, are specified in an RTP payload format. The format parameters of the RTP payload are typically communicated between transmission endpoints with the Session Description Protocol (SDP), but other protocols, such as the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) may be used.
Audio and video payload types
RFC 3551, entitled RTP Profile for Audio and Video (RTP/AVP), specifies the technical parameters of payload formats for audio and video streams.
The standard also describes the process of registering new payload types with IANA; additional payload formats and payload types are defined in the following specifications:
- RFC 3551, Standard 65, RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control
- RFC 4856, Media Type Registration of Payload Formats in the RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences
- RFC 3190, RTP Payload Format for 12-bit DAT Audio and 20- and 24-bit Linear Sampled Audio
- RFC 6184, RTP Payload Format for H.264 Video
- RFC 3640, RTP Payload Format for Transport of MPEG-4 Elementary Streams
- RFC 6416, RTP Payload Format for MPEG-4 Audio/Visual Streams
- RFC 2250, RTP Payload Format for MPEG1/MPEG2 Video
- RFC 7798, RTP Payload Format for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)
- RFC 2435, RTP Payload Format for JPEG-compressed Video
- RFC 4587, RTP Payload Format for H.261 Video Streams
- RFC 2658, RTP Payload Format for PureVoice Audio Video
- RFC 4175, RTP Payload Format for Uncompressed Video
- RFC 7587, RTP Payload Format for the Opus Speech and Audio Codec
- RFC 9134, RTP Payload Format for JPEG XS
Payload identifiers 96–127 are used for payloads defined dynamically during a session. It is recommended to dynamically assign port numbers, although port numbers 5004 and 5005 have been registered for use of the profile when a dynamically assigned port is not required.
Applications should always support PCMU (payload type 0); previously, DVI4 (payload type 5) was also recommended, but this was removed in 2013 by RFC 7007.
| Payload type (PT) | Name | Type | No. of channels | Clock rate (Hz)[note 1] | Frame size (byte) | Default packet interval (ms) | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | PCMU | audio | 1 | 8000 | any | 20 | ITU-T G.711 PCM μ-Law audio 64 kbit/s | RFC 3551 |
| 1 | reserved (previously FS-1016 CELP) | audio | 1 | 8000 | reserved, previously FS-1016 CELP audio 4.8 kbit/s | RFC 3551, previously RFC 1890 | ||
| 2 | reserved (previously G721 or G726-32) | audio | 1 | 8000 | reserved, previously ITU-T G.721 ADPCM audio 32 kbit/s or ITU-T G.726 audio 32 kbit/s | RFC 3551, previously RFC 1890 | ||
| 3 | GSM | audio | 1 | 8000 | 20 | 20 | European GSM Full Rate audio 13 kbit/s (GSM 06.10) | RFC 3551 |
| 4 | G723 | audio | 1 | 8000 | 30 | 30 | ITU-T G.723.1 audio | RFC 3551 |
| 5 | DVI4 | audio | 1 | 8000 | any | 20 | IMA ADPCM audio 32 kbit/s | RFC 3551 |
| 6 | DVI4 | audio | 1 | 16000 | any | 20 | IMA ADPCM audio 64 kbit/s | RFC 3551 |
| 7 | LPC | audio | 1 | 8000 | any | 20 | Experimental Linear Predictive Coding audio 5.6 kbit/s | RFC 3551 |
| 8 | PCMA | audio | 1 | 8000 | any | 20 | ITU-T G.711 PCM A-Law audio 64 kbit/s | RFC 3551 |
| 9 | G722 | audio | 1 | 8000[note 2] | any | 20 | ITU-T G.722 audio 64 kbit/s | RFC 3551 - Page 14 |
| 10 | L16 | audio | 2 | 44100 | any | 20 | Linear PCM 16-bit Stereo audio 1411.2 kbit/s,[2][3][4] uncompressed | RFC 3551, Page 27 |
| 11 | L16 | audio | 1 | 44100 | any | 20 | Linear PCM 16-bit audio 705.6 kbit/s, uncompressed | RFC 3551, Page 27 |
| 12 | QCELP | audio | 1 | 8000 | 20 | 20 | Qualcomm Code Excited Linear Prediction | RFC 2658, RFC 3551 |
| 13 | CN | audio | 1 | 8000 | Comfort noise. Payload type used with audio codecs that do not support comfort noise as part of the codec itself such as G.711, G.722.1, G.722, G.726, G.727, G.728, GSM 06.10, Siren, and RTAudio. | RFC 3389 | ||
| 14 | MPA | audio | 1, 2 | 90000 | 8–72 | MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 audio only | RFC 3551, RFC 2250 | |
| 15 | G728 | audio | 1 | 8000 | 2.5 | 20 | ITU-T G.728 audio 16 kbit/s | RFC 3551 |
| 16 | DVI4 | audio | 1 | 11025 | any | 20 | IMA ADPCM audio 44.1 kbit/s | RFC 3551 |
| 17 | DVI4 | audio | 1 | 22050 | any | 20 | IMA ADPCM audio 88.2 kbit/s | RFC 3551 |
| 18 | G729 | audio | 1 | 8000 | 10 | 20 | ITU-T G.729 and G.729a audio 8 kbit/s; Annex B is implied unless the annexb=no parameter is used
|
RFC 3551, Page 20, RFC 3555, Page 15 |
| 19 | reserved (previously CN) | audio | reserved, previously comfort noise | RFC 3551 | ||||
| 25 | CELLB | video | 90000 | Sun CellB video[5] | RFC 2029 | |||
| 26 | JPEG | video | 90000 | JPEG video | RFC 2435 | |||
| 28 | nv | video | 90000 | Xerox PARC's Network Video (nv)[6][7] | RFC 3551, Page 32 | |||
| 31 | H261 | video | 90000 | ITU-T H.261 video | RFC 4587 | |||
| 32 | MPV | video | 90000 | MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 video | RFC 2250 | |||
| 33 | MP2T | audio/video | 90000 | MPEG-2 transport stream | RFC 2250 | |||
| 34 | H263 | video | 90000 | H.263 video, first version (1996) | RFC 3551, RFC 2190 | |||
| 72–76 | reserved | reserved because RTCP packet types 200–204 would otherwise be indistinguishable from RTP payload types 72–76 with the marker bit set | RFC 3550, RFC 3551 | |||||
| 77–95 | unassigned | note that RTCP packet type 207 (XR, Extended Reports) would be indistinguishable from RTP payload types 79 with the marker bit set | RFC 3551, RFC 3611 | |||||
| dynamic | H263-1998 | video | 90000 | H.263 video, second version (1998) | RFC 3551, RFC 4629, RFC 2190 | |||
| dynamic | H263-2000 | video | 90000 | H.263 video, third version (2000) | RFC 4629 | |||
| dynamic (or profile) | H264 AVC | video | 90000 | H.264 video (MPEG-4 Part 10) | RFC 6184, previously RFC 3984 | |||
| dynamic (or profile) | H264 SVC | video | 90000 | H.264 video | RFC 6190 | |||
| dynamic (or profile) | H265 | video | 90000 | H.265 video (HEVC) | RFC 7798 | |||
| dynamic (or profile) | theora | video | 90000 | Theora video | draft-barbato-avt-rtp-theora | |||
| dynamic | iLBC | audio | 1 | 8000 | 20, 30 | 20, 30 | Internet low Bitrate Codec 13.33 or 15.2 kbit/s | RFC 3952 |
| dynamic | PCMA-WB | audio | 1 | 16000 | 5 | ITU-T G.711.1 A-law | RFC 5391 | |
| dynamic | PCMU-WB | audio | 1 | 16000 | 5 | ITU-T G.711.1 μ-law | RFC 5391
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