Serbian Cyrillic alphabet Српска ћирилица
Script type	Alphabet
Time period	9th century – present
Official script	Serbia
Languages	Serbian
Related scripts
Parent systems	Egyptian hieroglyphs[1] Phoenician alphabet Greek alphabet (partly Glagolitic alphabet) Early Cyrillic alphabet Serbian Cyrillic alphabet
Child systems	Macedonian alphabet (partly) Montenegrin Cyrillic (partly)
ISO 15924
ISO 15924	Cyrl (220), ​Cyrillic
Unicode
Unicode alias	Cyrillic
Unicode range	subset of Cyrillic (U+0400...U+04FF)
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between , / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

South Slavic languages and dialects
Western South Slavic Serbo-Croatian Standard languages Bosnian Croatian Montenegrin Serbian (Slavonic-Serbian) Dialects Shtokavian (Younger Ikavian Bunjevac Slavonian Šokac Dubrovnik Eastern Herzegovinian Užice Zeta–Raška Kosovo–Resava (Smederevo–Vršac) Šumadija–Vojvodina Prizren–Timok (Prizren–South Morava Gorani Janjevo–Letnica Svrljig–Zaplanje Timok–Lužnica)) Chakavian (Burgenland Molise) Kajkavian Torlakian (Prizren–South Morava Gorani Janjevo–Letnica Svrljig–Zaplanje Timok–Lužnica) Accents Ekavian Ijekavian Ikavian Comparison of standard Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian Slovene Dialects (Prekmurje Slovene Resian)
Eastern South Slavic Church Slavonic (Old) Bulgarian Dialects Banat Torlakian Meshterski Macedonian Dialects (Western Southeastern Northern Torlakian) Spoken Macedonian Standard Macedonian
Transitional dialects Serbian–Bulgarian–Macedonian Transitional Bulgarian dialects Torlakian Gorani Croatian–Slovenian Kajkavian Bulgarian–Macedonian Slavic dialects of Greece
Alphabets Modern Gaj's Latina Serbian Cyrillic Bulgarian Cyrillic Macedonian Cyrillic Montenegrin Slovene Historical Bohoričica Dajnčica Metelčica Arebica Bosnian Cyrillic Glagolitic Early Cyrillic a Includes Banat Bulgarian alphabet.
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The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (Serbian: Српска ћирилица / Srpska ćirilica, pronounced [sr̩̂pskaː tɕirǐlitsa]) is a variation of the Cyrillic script used to write the Serbian language, updated in 1818 by the Serbian philologist and linguist Vuk Karadžić. It is one of the two alphabets used to write modern standard Serbian, the other being Gaj's Latin alphabet.

Karadžić based his alphabet on the previous Slavonic-Serbian script, following the principle of "write as you speak and read as it is written", removing obsolete letters and letters representing iotated vowels, introducing ⟨J⟩ from the Latin alphabet instead, and adding several consonant letters for sounds specific to Serbian phonology. During the same period, linguists led by Ljudevit Gaj adapted the Latin alphabet, in use in western South Slavic areas, using the same principles. As a result of this joint effort, Serbian Cyrillic and Gaj's Latin alphabets for Serbian-Croatian have a complete one-to-one congruence, with the Latin digraphs Lj, Nj, and Dž counting as single letters.

Karadžić's Cyrillic alphabet was officially adopted in the Principality of Serbia in 1868, and was in exclusive use in the country up to the interwar period. Both alphabets were official in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and later in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Due to the shared cultural area, Gaj's Latin alphabet saw a gradual adoption in the Socialist Republic of Serbia since, and both scripts are used to write modern standard Serbian. In Serbia, Cyrillic is seen as being more traditional, and has the official status (designated in the constitution as the "official script", compared to Latin's status of "script in official use" designated by a lower-level act, for national minorities). It is also an official script in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro, along with Gaj's Latin alphabet.

Official use

Serbian Cyrillic is in official use in Serbia, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Herzegovina.^[2] Although Bosnia "officially accept both alphabets",^[2] the Latin script is almost always used in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina,^[2] whereas Cyrillic is in everyday use in Republika Srpska.^[2][3] The Serbian language in Croatia is officially recognized as a minority language; however, the use of Cyrillic in bilingual signs has sparked protests and vandalism.

Serbian Cyrillic is an important symbol of Serbian identity.^[4] In Serbia, official documents are printed in Cyrillic only^[5] even though, according to a 2014 survey, 47% of the Serbian population write in the Latin alphabet whereas 36% write in Cyrillic.^[6]

Modern alphabet

The following table provides the upper and lower case forms of the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, along with the equivalent forms in the Serbian Latin alphabet and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) value for each letter. The letters do not have names, and consonants are normally pronounced as such when spelling is necessary (or followed by a short schwa, e.g. /fə/).:

Cyrillic Latin IPA value А а A a /ä/ Б б B b /b/ В в V v /ʋ/ Г г G g /ɡ/ Д д D d /d/ Ђ ђ Đ đ /dʑ/ Е е E e /e̞/ Ж ж Ž ž /ʐ/ З з Z z /z/ И и I i /i/ Ј ј J j /j/ К к K k /k/ Л л L l /l/ Љ љ Lj lj /ʎ/ М м M m /m/

Cyrillic Latin IPA value Н н N n /n/ Њ њ Nj nj /ɲ/ О о O o /ɔ̝/ П п P p /p/ Р р R r /ɾ/ С с S s /s/ Т т T t /t/ Ћ ћ Ć ć /tɕ/ У у U u /u/ Ф ф F f /f/ Х х H h /x/ Ц ц C c /ts/ Ч ч Č č /t͡ʂ/ Џ џ Dž dž /d͡ʐ/ Ш ш Š š /ʂ/

Summary tables

Latin to Cyrillic

A

a

B

b

C

c

Č

č

Ć

ć

D

d

Dž

dž

Đ

đ

E

e

F

f

G

g

H

h

I

i

J

j

K

k

А

а

Б

б

Ц

ц

Ч

ч

Ћ

ћ

Д

д

Џ

џ

Ђ

ђ

Е

е

Ф

ф

Г

г

Х

х

И

и

Ј

ј

К

к

L

l

Lj

lj

M

m

N

n

Nj

nj

O

o

P

p

R

r

S

s

Š

š

T

t

U

u

V

v

Z

z

Ž

ž

Л

л

Љ

љ

М

м

Н

н

Њ

њ

О

о

П

п

Р

р

С

с

Ш

ш

Т

т

У

у

В

в

З

з

Ж

ж

Cyrillic to Latin

А

а

Б

б

В

в

Г

г

Д

д

Ђ

ђ

Е

е

Ж

ж

З

з

И

и

Ј

ј

К

к

Л

л

Љ

љ

М

м

A

a

B

b

V

v

G

g

D

d

Đ

đ

E

e

Ž

ž

Z

z

I

i

J

j

K

k

L

l

Lj

lj

M

m

Н

н

Њ

њ

О

о

П

п

Р

р

С

с

Т

т

Ћ

ћ

У

у

Ф

ф

Х

х

Ц

ц

Ч

ч

Џ

џ

Ш

ш

N

n

Nj

nj

O

o

P

p

R

r

S

s

T

t

Ć

ć

U

u

F

f

H

h

C

c

Č

č

Dž

dž

Š

š

Early history

Early Cyrillic

According to tradition, Glagolitic was invented by the Byzantine Christian missionaries and brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius in the 860s, amid the Christianization of the Slavs. Glagolitic alphabet appears to be older, predating the introduction of Christianity, only formalized by Cyril and expanded to cover non-Greek sounds. The Glagolitic alphabet was gradually superseded in later centuries by the Cyrillic script, developed around by Cyril's disciples, perhaps at the Preslav Literary School at the end of the 9th century.^[7]

The earliest form of Cyrillic was the ustav, based on Greek uncial script, augmented by ligatures and letters from the Glagolitic alphabet for consonants not found in Greek. There was no distinction between capital and lowercase letters. The standard language was based on the Slavic dialect of Thessaloniki.^[7]

Medieval Serbian Cyrillic

Part of the Serbian literary heritage of the Middle Ages are works such as Miroslav Gospel, Vukan Gospels, St. Sava's Nomocanon, Dušan's Code, Munich Serbian Psalter, and others. The first printed book in Serbian was the Cetinje Octoechos (1494).

Karadžić's reform

Vuk Stefanović Karadžić fled Serbia during the Serbian Revolution in 1813, to Vienna. There he met Jernej Kopitar, a linguist with interest in slavistics. Kopitar and Sava Mrkalj helped Vuk to reform Serbian and its orthography. He finalized the alphabet in 1818 with the Serbian Dictionary.

Karadžić reformed standard Serbian and standardised the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet by following strict phonemic principles on the Johann Christoph Adelung' model and Jan Hus' Czech alphabet. Karadžić's reforms of standard Serbian modernised it and distanced it from Serbian and Russian Church Slavonic, instead bringing it closer to common folk speech, specifically, to the dialect of Eastern Herzegovina which he spoke. Karadžić was, together with Đuro Daničić, the main Serbian signatory to the Vienna Literary Agreement of 1850 which, encouraged by Austrian authorities, laid the foundation for Serbian, various forms of which are used by Serbs in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia today. Karadžić also translated the New Testament into Serbian, which was published in 1868.

He wrote several books; Mala prostonarodna slaveno-serbska pesnarica and Pismenica serbskoga jezika in 1814, and two more in 1815 and 1818, all with the alphabet still in progress. In his letters from 1815–1818 he used: Ю, Я, Ы and Ѳ. In his 1815 song book he dropped the Ѣ.^[8]

The alphabet was officially adopted in 1868, four years after his death.^[9]

From the Old Slavic script Vuk retained these 24 letters:

А а	Б б	В в	Г г	Д д	Е е	Ж ж	З з
И и	К к	Л л	М м	Н н	О о	П п	Р р
С с	Т т	У у	Ф ф	Х х	Ц ц	Ч ч	Ш ш

He added one Latin letter:

Ј ј

And 5 new ones:

Ђ ђ

Љ љ

Њ њ

Ћ ћ

Џ џ

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Serbian_Cyrillic
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