A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
 An injured player is carried from the field during a football match. | |
| System | Musculoskeletal, cardiovascular |
|---|---|
| Focus | Sports especially athletics |
| Significant diseases | |
| Significant tests | Musculoskeletal tests |
| Specialist | Sports physician |
| Glossary | Glossary of medicine |
| Occupation | |
|---|---|
| Names |
|
Occupation type | Specialty |
Activity sectors | Medicine |
| Description | |
| Competencies | Exercise prescription, Therapeutic injections |
Education required |
|
Fields of employment | Hospitals, Clinics, Professional sports, College athletics, university |
Sports medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with physical fitness and the treatment and prevention of injuries related to sports and exercise. Although most sports teams have employed team physicians for many years, it is only since the late 20th century that sports medicine emerged as a distinct field of health care. In many countries, now over 50, sports medicine (or sport and exercise medicine) is a recognized medical specialty (with similar training and standards to other medical specialties or sub-specialties). In the majority of countries where sports medicine is recognized and practiced, it is a physician (non-surgical) specialty, but in some (such as the USA), it can equally be a surgical or non-surgical medical specialty, and also a specialty field within primary care. In other contexts, the field of sports medicine encompasses the scope of both medical specialists as well as allied health practitioners who work in the field of sport, such as physiotherapists, athletic trainers, podiatrists and exercise physiologists.[1]
Scope
Sports medicine can refer to the specific medical specialty or subspecialty of several medical and research disciplines in sports. Sports medicine may be called Sport and Exercise medicine (SEM), which is now well established in many countries. It can broadly also refer to physicians, scientists, trainers, and other paramedical practitioners who work in a broad setting. Sports medicine specialists include a broad range of professions. All sports medicine specialists have one main goal in mind, and that is preventing future injuries and to improve the function of that area to return to everyday life. They work with all different types of people, and not just athletes.[2] The various sports medicine experts often work together as a team to ensure the best recovery plan for the individual. Team members can include orthopedic surgeons, certified athletic trainers, sports physical therapists, physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists, and specialty SEM physicians.[3]
Specializing in the treatment of athletes and other physically active individuals, SEM physicians have extensive education in musculoskeletal medicine. SEM doctors treat injuries such as muscle, ligament, tendon and bone problems, but may also treat chronic illnesses that can affect physical performance, such as asthma and diabetes. SEM doctors also advise on managing and preventing injuries.[4]
European templates for SEM specialization generally recommend four years of experience in:[5]
- internal medicine with special emphasis on cardiology, emergency medicine and clinical nutrition
- orthopedics and traumatology
- physical and rehabilitation medicine
- fellowship at a recognized sports medicine centre.
Related medical specialties
- Exercise medicine
- Podiatry
- Sports cardiology
- Emergency medicine
- Lifestyle medicine
- General practice
- Adolescent medicine
- Physical medicine and rehabilitation
- Rheumatology
- Orthopaedic sports medicine
- Pediatrics
- Occupational medicine
Establishment as a medical specialty
Historical roots of sports medicine
Although sports medicine was only established formally as a specialty in the 20th Century, the history of doctors having involvement in treating athletes goes back to ancient times in Greek, Roman and Egyptian societies.[6][7][8][9][10]
Modern establishment of the specialty
The Italian version of this page Medicina dello sport states that Sports Medicine societies were first established in Switzerland (1922) followed by: Germany (1924), France (1929) and Italy (1929) (Italian Sports Medicine Federation). In Germany in the 1920s, an attempt was made to upskill thousands of doctors and other health professionals in sport and exercise medicine, without establishing it as a distinct specialty at that stage, but it failed due to lack of funding in the Depression.[11] Sports medicine was established as a specialty in Italy, the first country to do so, in 1958. The European Union of Medical Specialists has defined necessary training requirements for the establishment of the specialty of Sports Medicine in a given European country.[3] In May 2024, the EU approved cross recognition of sports medicine qualifications between 11 different countries.[12] It is a goal of the European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations to eventually establish Sports Medicine as a specialty in all European countries.[13]
In Australia and New Zealand, Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) is a stand-alone medical specialty, with the Australasian College of Sport and Exercise Physicians being one of Australia's 15 recognized medical specialty Colleges.[14] Australia, New Zealand and the UK have been cited as pioneer countries in the establishment of SEM as a stand-alone specialty.[15]
The USA (and many other countries) follow the model of recognizing Sports Medicine as an official subspecialty of multiple other primary medical specialties.
| Country | Specialist sports physician association | Fully recognized specialty? (Year) | Training requirements | General sports medicine association |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Argentina | Yes[16] | 2-year training program | ||
| Australia | Australasian College of Sport and Exercise Physicians | Yes (2009) | 4-year training program | Sports Medicine Australia |
| Austria | Austrian Society of Sports Medicine (OSMV) | Subspecialty[17] | 3-year Diploma | |
| Belarus | Belarus Sports Medicine Association | Yes[18] | ||
| Belgium | The Belgian Federation of Sport and Exercise Medicine | Subspecialty[18] | 1 year | |
| Bosnia Herzegovina | Sports Medicine Association Bosnia Herzegovina | Yes[18] | 5 years | |
| Brazil | Brazilian Society of Exercise and Sports Medicine | Yes[19][20] | 3 years | |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian Scientific Society of Sports Medicine and Kinesitherapy | Yes[18] | 4 years | |
| Canada | Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine | Subspecialty | ||
| China | Chinese Association of Sports Medicine | Yes[21][22][23] | ||
| Croatia | Croatian Sports Medicine Society | Yes[24] | ||
| Cuba | Yes[25] | |||
| Czech Republic | Czech Society of Sports Medicine | Yes[18] | 5 years | |
| Denmark | No[24] | Danish Association of Sports Medicine | ||
| Estonia | Yes[24] | |||
| Finland | Finnish Society of Sports Medicine | Yes[18] | 5 years | |
| France | Sport and Exercise Medicine French Association (SFMES) | Yes[17] | ||
| Georgia | Georgian Association of Sports Medicine | Yes[18] | ||
| Germany | German Federation for Sports Medicine (DGSM) | Subspecialty[17] | ||
| Hungary | National Institute for Sports Medicine[26] | Subspecialty[18] | ||
| India | Indian Society of Sports and Exercise Medicine (ISSEM)[27] | Yes (1987 for PG Diploma & 2013 for MD)[28] | 2[29] & 3 years[30] | Indian Association of Sports Medicine & Indian Federation of Sports Medicine |
| Indonesia | Indonesia Sports Medicine Association (PDSKO)[31] | Yes[32] | 3,5 years[32] | Indonesian Sports Health Supervisory Association |
| Ireland | Faculty of Sports and Exercise Medicine | Yes[33] (2017) | ||
| Israel | Israel Society of Sports Medicine | Yes[34] | ||
| Italy | Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana (FMSI) | Yes[17] (1958) | 5 years | |
| Japan | Japan Medical Association Certified Sports Health Medical System | Yes (1994)[35] | The Japanese Federation of Physical Fitness & Sports Medicine | |
| Latvia | Latvian Sports Medicine Association | Yes[18] | 4 years | |
| Lithuania | Yes | |||
| Malaysia | College of others (Sports Physician), Academic of Medicine of Malaysia, National Specialist Registrar (NSR)[36] | Yes[37] | 4 years | Malaysian Association of Sports Medicine[38] |
| Malta | Yes | |||
| Mexico | Yes[25] | |||
| Netherlands | Netherlands Association of Sports Medicine NASM – VSG | Yes[18] (2014) | 4 years | |
| New Zealand | Australasian College of Sport and Exercise Physicians | Yes (1998) | 4 years | Sports Medicine New Zealand |
| Norway | No | Norwegian Sports Medicine Association | ||
| Poland | Yes[39] | |||
| Portugal | Sociedade Portuguesa de Medicina Desportiva | Yes[18] | ||
| Qatar | ASPETAR | Yes | ||
| Romania | Yes | |||
| Russia | Russian Association of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of Patients and the Disabled | Yes[18] | 2 years | |
| Serbia | Sport Medicine Association of Serbia | Yes | 3 years | |
| Singapore | Yes (subspecialty)[40] | 3 years (after primary specialty training) | Sports Medicine Association Singapore (SMAS) | |
| Slovakia | Slovak Society of Sports Medicine | Subspecialty | (6 years) | |
| Slovenia | Slovenian Sports Medicine Association | Yes[18] | ||
| South Africa | College of Sport and Exercise Medicine of South Africa | Yes (2022)[41] | South Africa Sports Medicine Association (SASMA) | |
| South Korea | Subspecialty[42] | Korean Society of Sports Medicine (KSSM) | ||
| Spain | SMD (Sociedad Española de Medicina del Deporte) | Yes | 3 years | |
| Sri Lanka | Sri Lanka Sports Medicine Association | Yes[43] | 3 years | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Sports_medicine