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This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2015) |
The inclusion or exclusion of items from this list or length of this list is disputed.(August 2015) |
This is a list of brown dwarfs. These are objects that have masses between heavy gas giants and low-mass stars.[1] The first isolated brown dwarf discovered was Teide 1 in 1995.[2] The first brown dwarf discovered orbiting a star was Gliese 229 B, also discovered in 1995.[3] The first brown dwarf found to have a planet was 2M1207, discovered in 2004.[4] As of 2015[update], more than 2,800 brown dwarfs have been identified.[5] An isolated object with less than about 13 Jupiter masses is technically a sub-brown dwarf or rogue planet.
Because the mass of a brown dwarf is between that of a planet and that of a star, they have also been called planetars or hyperjovians. Various catalog designations have been used to name brown dwarfs. Brown dwarfs with names ending in a letter such as B, C, or D are in orbit around a primary star; those with names ending in a lower-case letter such as b, c, or d, may be exoplanets (see Exoplanet naming convention).
Some exoplanets, especially those detected by radial velocity, can turn out to be brown dwarfs if their mass is higher than originally thought: most have only known minimum masses because the inclination of their orbit is not known. Examples include HD 114762 b (>11.68 MJ), Pi Mensae b (>10.312 MJ), and NGC 2423-3 b (>10.6 MJ).
Confirmed brown dwarfs orbiting primary stars
Sorted by increasing right ascension of the parent star. Brown dwarfs within a system sorted by increasing orbital period.
Some brown dwarfs listed could still be massive planets.
Star | Constellation | Right ascension |
Declination | App. mag. |
Distance (ly) | Spectral type |
Brown dwarf | Mass (MJ) |
Radius (RJ) |
Orbital period (d) |
Semimajor axis (AU) |
Ecc. | Discovery year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
54 Piscium | Pisces | 00h 39m 22s | +21° 15′ 02″ | 5.88 | 36.1 | K0V+T7.5 | B | 53 | 0.7987 | 476 | 2006 | ||
81 Cancri | Cancer | 09h 12m 14.69s | 14° 59 ′ 39.6″ | 6.77 | 66 | L8 | CD | 880 | 2001 | ||||
AB Pictoris | Pictor | 06h 19s | −58° 03′ 15″ | 9.16 | 66.6 | K2V | b | 13.5 | 275 | 2005 | |||
CD−33°7795 | Hydra | 11h 31m 55s | –34° 36′ 17″ | 11.37 | 163.08 | M1 | b | 20 | 100 | 1998 | |||
CT Chamaeleontis | Chamaeleon | 11h 04m 09s | –76° 27′ 19″ | 12.36 | 538 | K7 | b | 17 | 2.2 | 440 | 2008 | ||
HD 984 | Cetus | 00h 14m 10.25s | −07° 11′ 56.82″ | 7.32 | 149.1 | F7V | b | 61 | 1.576 | 51,100 | 28 | 0.76 | 2015 |
Eta Coronae Borealis | Corona Borealis | 15h 23m 22.6s | 30° 14′ 56″ | 5.02 | 58.3 | L8 | C | 63 | 3600 | 2010 | |||
G 196-3 | Ursa Major | 10h 04m 22s | +50° 23′ 23″ | 11.77 | 50.2 | M2.5 | b | 25 | 300 | 1998 | |||
GD 165 | Boötes | 14h 24m 39.144s | 9° 17′ 13.98″ | 14.6 | 103 | D4A+L4 | B | 1988 | |||||
Gliese 570 | Libra | 14h 57m 28s | −21° 24′ 56″ | 5.64 | 19.0 | K4V+ M1V+M3V |
D | 52 | 1500 | 2000 | |||
GU Piscium | Pisces | 01h 12m 35.04s | +17° 03′ 55.7″ | 13.1 | 155.3 | M3V | b | 11 | 2000 | 2006 | |||
HD 89744 | Ursa Major | 10h 22m 10.56s | +41° 13′ 46.31″ | 5.74 | 126.2 | F7IV | B | 2000 | |||||
HD 100546 | Musca | 11h 33m 25s | –70° 11′ 41″ | 6.70 | 337.25 | B9Vne | b | 20 | 6.5? | 2005 | |||
HN Pegasi | Pegasus | 21h 44m 28.46s | +14° 46′ 7.8″ | 58.3 | T2.5 | B | 28 | 1.01 | 795 | 2006 | |||
LHS 4040 | Sculptor | 23h 54m 9.28s | -33° 16 ′ 26.6″ | 20.7 | M8.5V | C | 2200 | 2004 | |||||
UScoCTIO 108 | Scorpius | 16h 05m 54s | –18° 18′ 43″ | 473 | M7 | b | 14 | 670 | 2007 | ||||
WD 0137-349 | Sculptor | 01h 39m 43s | −34° 42′ 39″ | 15.33 | 330 | DA | B | 53 | 0.0803 | 0.0030 | 0 | 2006 | |
HD 41004 B | Pictor | 05h 59m 50s | –48° 14′ 23″ | 12.33 | 139 | M2 | b | 18.4 | 1.3283 | 0.0177 | 0.081 | 2004 | |
CoRoT-15 | Monoceros | 06h 28m 27.81s | +6° 11′ 10.5″ | 22 | F7V | b | 63.4 | 1.12 | 3.06036 | 0.045 | 0 | 2010 | |
Xi Ursae Majoris B | Ursa Major | 11h 18m 12s | +31° 32′ 15″ | 4.73 | 25.11 | F8.5V | b | 37 | 3.98 | 0.06 | 0 | 1931 | |
Upsilon Andromedae | Andromeda | 01h 36m 48s | +41° 24′ 20″ | 4.63 | 43.9 | F8V | Samh | 13.98 | 237.7 | 0.822 | 0.224 | 1999 | |
Gliese 758 | Lyra | 19h 23m 34s | +33° 13′ 19″ | 6.36 | 51.9 | G8V | B | 23 | 96 | 21 | 2009 | ||
HD 112758 | Virgo | 12h 59m 03s | –09° 50′ 03″ | 7.56 | 53.81 | K0V | b | 35 | 103.22 | 0.35 | 0.16 | 1996 | |
BD−04°782 | Eridanus | 04h 15m 10s | –04° 25′ 06″ | 9.39 | 66.6 | K5V | b | 21 | 240.92 | 0.7 | 0.28 | 1996 | |
HD 110833 | Canes Venatici | 12h 44m 16s | +51° 45′ 40″ | 7.04 | 55.44 | K3V | b | 17 | 270.04 | 0.8 | 0.69 | 1996 | |
HD 89707 | Hydra | 10h 20m 50s | –15° 28′ 48″ | 7.19 | 81.54 | G1V | b | 54 | 298.25 | 0.95 | 1991 | ||
Tau Geminorum | Gemini | 07h 11m 08s | +30° 14′ 43″ | 4.40 | 302 | K2III | b | 18.1 | 305 | 2004 | |||
HAT-P-13 | Ursa Major | 08h 39m 32s | +47° 21′ 07″ | 10.62 | 698 | G4 | c | 15.2 | 428.5 | 1.186 | 0.691 | 2009 | |
HD 217580 | Aquarius | 23h 01m 52s | –03° 50′ 55″ | 7.46 | 58.7 | K4V | b | 60 | 454.66 | 1 | 0.52 | 1994 | |
HD 16760 | Perseus | 02h 42m 21s | +38° 37′ 07″ | 8.74 | 163 | G5V | b | 14.3 | 465.1 | 1.13 | 0.067 | 2009 | |
HD 13189 | Triangulum | 02h 09m 40s | +32° 18′ 59″ | 7.57 | 603.4 | K2II | b | 14 | 471.6 | 1.85 | 0.28 | 2005 | |
HD 18445 | Fornax | 02h 57m 13s | –24° 58′ 30″ | 7.78 | 83.92 | K2V | b | 39 | 554.67 | 0.9 | 0.54 | 1991 | |
HD 8673 | Andromeda | 01h 26m 09s | +34° 34′ 47″ | 6.31 | 124.75 | F7V | b | 14 | 639 | 1.58 | 2005 | ||
Gliese 569 | Boötes | 14h 54m 29s | +16° 06′ 04″ | 10.2 | 31.5 | M3V | Ba + Bb | 116[6] | 870[6] | 0.87[6] | 0.317[6] | 1988[7] | |
HD 29587 | Perseus | 04h 41m 34s | +42° 07′ 25″ | 7.29 | 146.77 | G2V | b | 40 | 1471.7 | 2.5 | 0.37 | 1996 | |
ChaHα8 | Chamaeleon | 11h 07m 48s | −77° 40′ 08″ | 20.1 | 522 | M6.5 | b | 18 | 1590.9 | 1 | 0.49 | 2007 | |
CoRoT-20 | Monoceros | 06h 30m 55.3s | +0° 13′ 37″ | 14.66 | 4000 | G2V | c | 17 | 1675 | 2.9 | 0.6 | 2010 | |
HD 168443 | Serpens | 18h 20m 04s | –09° 35′ 34″ | 6.92 | 123.5 | G5 | c | 34 | 1739.5 | 2.87 | 0.228 | 2001 | |
HD 38529 A | Orion | 05h 46m 34s | +01° 10′ 05″ | 5.94 | 138 | G4IV | c | 37 | 2174.3 | 3.68 | 0.36 | 2002 | |
Epsilon Indi | Indus | 22h 03m 22s | –56° 47′ 09″ | 4.69 | 11.8 | K5V | Bb | 28 | 5478.75 | 2.65 | 2003 | ||
HW Virginis | Virgo | 12h 44m 20s | −08° 40′ 17″ | 10.9 | 590 | sdB+M | b | 19.23 | 5786 | 5.30 | 0.46 | 2008 | |
DT Virginis | Virgo | 13h 0m 41.74s | 12° 21 ′ 14.7″ | 9.72 | 37.55 | P | c | 12.5 | 1.1 | 33081 | 2010 | ||
HD 4113 | Sculptor | 00h 43m 12.60s | −37° 58′ 57.48″ | 7.88 | 136 | G5V | C | 60 | 73000 | 20 | 2006 | ||
Gliese 229 | Lepus | 06h 10m 35s | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=WISE_J0457−0207