A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
 | This help page is a how-to guide. It details processes or procedures of some aspect(s) of Wikipedia's norms and practices. It is not one of Wikipedia's policies or guidelines, and may reflect varying levels of consensus and vetting. |
Citation templates are used to format citations in a consistent way, as an alternative to formatting the citations by hand. The use of citation templates is neither encouraged nor discouraged. Templates may be used or removed at the discretion of individual editors, subject to agreement with other editors on the article. Because templates can be contentious, editors should not add citation templates, or change an article with a consistent citation format to another, without gaining consensus; see WP:CITECONSENSUS and WP:CITEVAR. The various citation templates may be freely mixed, since they all produce a similar format. WP:DUPLINK and WP:OVERLINK do not apply to citations. It is expected that a reference citation includes wikilinks to the relevant article for the source, such as The New York Times, rather than The New York Times.
Use in footnotes
For a citation to appear in a footnote, it needs to be enclosed in "ref" tags. You can add these by typing <ref> at the front of the citation and </ref> at the end. Alternatively you may notice above the edit box there is a row of "markup" formatting buttons which include a <ref></ref> button to the right—if you highlight your whole citation and then click this markup button, it will automatically enclose your citation in ref tags (i.e. <ref>citation</ref>).
Note, if this is a new page or if there are not already references previously cited, it is necessary to create a section usually named "Notes" or "References" near the end of the page; see WP:FNNR and MOS:APPENDIX for more information on section names:
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
or
==Notes== <references />
Using the same footnote multiple times
Add a name attribute when creating a footnote <ref name="name">citation text</ref>. Thereafter, the footnote may be referenced by just using the following expression <ref name="name" />.
Using multiple pages from the same source
When an article cites many different pages from the same source, there are two main methods of unifying them instead of copying a completely new citation. One method is Shortened footnotes, which automatically displays an entirely new reference listing in the References section per unique page citation. Another method is to use the template {{rp}}, which appends any type of positional information (such as page numbers, chapter numbers, or audiovisual time code) directly to each given citation in the article body, which would result in text such as : 2345 appearing after a superscripted footnote number.
Creating links to citations
Wikilinks to citation templates can be created using the templates {{harv}}, {{harvnb}}, {{harvtxt}}, {{sfn}}, etc. For example, this "Mumford 1999" links to a citation template below. This is of particular interest when using shortened footnotes. (See the examples below or wikilinks to full references.)
Using commas rather than periods
{{Citation}} creates a citation in the same format as most of the Citation Style 1 templates, except that the periods (or full stops) are replaced with commas, and there is no final period or full stop. A complete list of templates that are mimicked by {{citation}} can be found at {{citation/core}}. The parameter |mode= can be used to alter the punctuation.
Examples
Below are examples of how to use various templates to cite a book, encyclopedia, journal, website, comic strip, video, editorial comics, etc.
- For full description of a template and the parameters which can be used with it—click the template name (e.g. {{Citation}} or
{{cite xxx}}) in the "template" column of the table below. - Required field(s) are indicated in bold
- Copy and paste the text under "common usage" to use the template.
- Following each example is the resulting article text.
For a list of tools that can help create some of the templates below, see: Wikipedia:Citation tools.
Citations are commonly embedded in reference templates. For more information, see: Wikipedia:Footnotes.
| Source | Template | Common usage | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| book | {{cite book}} title |
{{cite book
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| title =
| publisher =
| series =
| volume =
| edition =
| date =
| location =
| pages =
| language =
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn =
| mr =
| zbl =
| jfm =}}
|
{{cite book
| last = Mumford
| first = David
| author-link = David Mumford
| title = The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes
| publisher = Springer-Verlag
| series = Lecture Notes in Mathematics
| volume = 1358
| edition = 2nd expanded
| location = Berlin
| date = 1899
| page = 198
| doi = 10.1007/b62130
| isbn = 354063293X
| mr = 1748380
| zbl = 0945.14001}}
Mumford, David (1999). The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Vol. 1358 (2nd expanded ed.). Berlin: Springer-Verlag. p. 198. doi:10.1007/b62130. ISBN 354063293X. MR 1748380. Zbl 0945.14001. {{cite book
| last1 = Cordell | first1 = Bruce R.
| first2 = Jeff | last2 = Grubb
| first3 =David | last3 = Noonan
| title = Manual of the Planes
| location = Berlin
| publisher = Wizards of the Coast
| pages = 198–203
| date = September 2001
| isbn = 0-786918-50-0}}
Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff; Noonan, David (September 2001). Manual of the Planes. Berlin: Wizards of the Coast. pp. 198–203. ISBN 0-786918-50-0. |
| {{Citation}} |
{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author-link2 =
| title =
| place =
| publisher =
| series =
| volume =
| orig-date =
| year =
| edition =
| chapter =
| chapter-url =
| page =
| pages =
| language =
| url =
| archive-url =
| archive-date =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn =
| mr =
| zbl =
| jfm = }}
|
{{Citation
| last = Mumford | first = David
| author-link = David Mumford
| title = The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes
| place = Berlin
| publisher = Springer-Verlag
| series = Lecture Notes in Mathematics
| volume = 1358
| edition = 2nd expanded
| date = 1989
| page = 198
| doi = 10.1007/b62130
| isbn = 354063293X
| mr = 1748380
| zbl = 0945.14001}}
Mumford, David (1998), The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 1358 (2nd expanded ed.), Berlin: Springer-Verlag, p. 198, doi:10.1007/b62130, ISBN 354063293X, MR 1748380, Zbl 0945.14001 {{Citation
| last1 = Cordell | first1 = Bruce R.
| last2 = Grubb | first2 = Jeff
| last3 = Noonan | first3 = David
| title = Manual of the Planes
| place = Berlin
| publisher = Wizards of the Coast
| pages = 198–203
| date = September 2001
| isbn = 0-786918-50-0}}
Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff; Noonan, David (September 2001), Manual of the Planes, Berlin: Wizards of the Coast, pp. 198–203, ISBN 0-786918-50-0 | |
| journal paper thesis dissertation See also {{cite thesis}} |
{{cite journal}} title |
{{cite journal
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| title =
| journal =
| volume =
| issue =
| pages =
| publisher =
| location =
| date =
| language =
| url =
| jstor =
| issn =
| doi =
| id =
| mr =
| zbl =
| jfm =
| access-date = }}
|
{{cite journal
| author-link = Stephen Brey...
| title = Copyright: A Rejo...
| journal = UCLA Law Review
| volume = 20
| pages = 75–83
| date = October 1972}}
Breyer, Stephen (October 1972). "Copyright: A Rejoinder". UCLA Law Review. 20: 75–83. {{cite journal
| last1 = Bailey | first1 = David H.
| author-link1 = David H. Bailey (mathematician)
| last2 = Borwein | first2 = Peter
| author-link2 = Peter Borwein
| last3 = Borwein | first3 = Jonathan M.
| author-link3 = Jonathan Borwein
| title = The Quest for Pi
| journal = Mathematical Intelligencer
| volume = 19
| issue = 1
| pages = 50–57
| publisher = Springer-Verlag
| location = Berlin
| date = 25 June 1997
| url = https://www.davidhbailey.com...
| issn =0343-6993
| doi = 10.1007/BF03024340
| mr = 1439159
| zbl = 0878.11002}}
Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter; Borwein, Jonathan M. (25 June 1997). "The Quest for Pi" (PDF). Mathematical Intelligencer. 19 (1). Berlin: Springer-Verlag: 50–57. doi:10.1007/BF03024340. ISSN 0343-6993. MR 1439159. Zbl 0878.11002. |
| {{Citation}} journal (or periodical) |
{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author-link2 =
| title =
| journal =
| volume =
| issue =
| pages =
| date =
| orig-date =
| year =
| language =
| url =
| jstor =
| archive-url =
| archive-date =
| doi =
| id =
| mr =
| zbl =
| jfm = }}
|
{{Citation
| last = Breyer
| first = Stephen
| author-link = Stephen Bre...
| title = Copyright: A Rejo...
| journal = UCLA Law Review
| volume = 20
| pages = 75–83
| date = October 1972}}
Breyer, Stephen (October 1972), "Copyright: A Rejoinder", UCLA Law Review, 20: 75–83 {{Citation
| last1 = Bailey | first1 = David H.
| author-link1 = David H. Bailey (mathematician)
| last2 = Borwein | first2 = Peter
| author-link2 = Peter Borwein
| last3 = Borwein | first3 = Jonathan M.
| author-link3 = Jonathan Borwein
| title = The Quest for Pi
| journal = Mathematical Intelligencer
| volume = 19
| issue = 1
| pages = 50–57
| publisher = Springer-Verlag
| location = Berlin
| date = 25 June 1997
| url = https://www.davidhbailey.com...
| issn =0343-6993
| doi = 10.1007/BF03024340
| mr = 1439159
| zbl = 0878.11002}}
Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter; Borwein, Jonathan M. (25 June 1997), "The Quest for Pi" (PDF), Mathematical Intelligencer, 19 (1), Berlin: Springer-Verlag: 50–57, doi:10.1007/BF03024340, ISSN 0343-6993, MR 1439159, Zbl 0878.11002 | |
| website | {{cite web}} title url |
{{cite web
| url =
| title =
| last =
| first =
| date =
| website =
| publisher =
| access-date =
| quote = }}
|
{{cite web
| last = Spiegel
| first = Rachel
| title = Research: Thalido...
| url = http://science-educat...
| access-date = 30 April 2006
| url-status=dead
| archive-url = http://web.archive...
| archive-date = 3 March 2006}}
Spiegel, Rachel. "Research in the News: Thalidomide". Archived from the original on 3 March 2006. Retrieved 30 April 2006. {{cite web
| title =
| url =
| website =
| date =
| access-date = }}
(Write date as one of the formats shown at MOS:DATE; e.g. {{cite web
| last = Hansen
| first = James E.
| author-link = James E. Hansen
| last2 = Ruedy | first2 = R.
| last3 = Sato | first3 = M.
| last4 = Lo | first4 = K.
| title = GISS Surface Temperature An...
| website = NASA.gov
| publisher = Goddard Institute for...
| date = December 15, 2005
| url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis...
| access-date = September 28, 2006}}
Hansen, James E.; Ruedy, R.; Sato, M.; Lo, K. (December 15, 2005). "GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation". NASA.gov. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Retrieved September 28, 2006. |
| {{Citation}} title url |
{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =
| publisher =
| date =
| year =
| url =
| access-date = }}
|
{{Citation
| last = Spiegel
| first = Rachel
| title = Research: Thalido...
| url=http://science-educat...
| access-date = 30 April 2006}}
Spiegel, Rachel, Research in the News: Thalidomide, retrieved 30 April 2006 {{Citation
| last1 = Hansen | first1 = James E.
| author1-link = James Hansen
| last2 = Ruedy | first2 = R.
| last3 = Sato | first3 = M.
| last4 = Lo | first4 = K.
| title = GISS Surface Temperature An...
| publisher = Goddard Institute for ...
| date = December 15, 2005
| url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis...
| access-date = September 28, 2006}}
Hansen, James E.; Ruedy, R.; Sato, M.; Lo, K. (December 15, 2005), GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, retrieved September 28, 2006 | |
| comic book | {{cite comic}}2 |
{{cite comic
| writer=
| penciller=
| inker=
| story=
| title=
| volume=
| issue=
| date=
| publisher=
| page=
| panel= }}
|
{{cite comic
| writer=Stan Lee|Lee, Stan
| penciller=Jack Kirby|Kirby, Jack
| inker=Christopher Rule|Rule, Christopher
| story=The Fantastic Four!
| title=Fantastic Four|The Fantastic Four
| volume=1
| issue=1
| date=November 1961
| publisher=Marvel Comics
| page=3
| panel=2}}
Lee, Stan (w), Kirby, Jack (p), Rule, Christopher (i). "The Fantastic Four!" The Fantastic Four, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 3/2 (November 1961). Marvel Comics. |
| comic strip | {{cite comic}}2 |
{{cite comic
| cartoonist=
| strip=
| paper=
| location=
| date=
| supplement=
| syndicate=
| page= }}
|
{{cite comic
| cartoonist=Milton Caniff|Caniff, Milton
| strip=Steve Canyon
| paper=Journal Herald
| location=Dayton, OH
| date=July 15, 1967
| supplement=Color Comics Supplement
| syndicate=Newspaper Syndicate
| page=1}}
Caniff, Milton (w, a). Steve Canyon. Journal Herald (Dayton, OH). July 15, 1967 Color Comics Supplement, Newspaper Syndicate, p. 1. |
| conference report or paper |
{{cite conference}} title book-title |
{{cite conference
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| title =
| book-title =
| pages =
| publisher =
| date =
| location =
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| access-date = }}
|
{{cite conference
| last = Turk
| first = M.
| first2 = A.
| last2 = Pentland
| title = Face recognition ...
| book-title = Proc IEEE Con...
| place = Maui, Hawaii
| pages = 586–591
| date = 1991}}
Turk, M.; Pentland, A. (1991). "Face recognition using eigenfaces". Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Maui, Hawaii. pp. 586–591. {{cite conference
| last1 = Evans | first1 = N. R.
| last2 = Schaefer | first2 = G.
| last3 = Bond | first3 = H.
| last4 = Karovska | first4 = M.
| last5 = Nelan | first5 = E.
| last6 = Sasselov | first6 = D.
| title = Direct detection of the ...
| book-title = American Astronomical Society 207th ...
| publisher = AAS
| date = January 9, 2006
| url = http://www.aas.org/ ... 30.htm}}
Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E.; Sasselov, D. (January 9, 2006). "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope". American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting. AAS. |
| {{Citation}} contribution title |
{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| first2 =
| last2 =
| author-link2 =
| editor-last =
| editor-first =
| editor-last2 =
| editor-first2 =
| contribution =
| contribution-url =
| series =
| date =
| pages =
| place =
| publisher =
| url =
| doi =
| id = }}
|
{{Citation
| last1 = Turk | first1 = M.
| last2 = Pet... | first2 = A.
| contribution = Face recog...
| title = Proc IEEE Confere...
| place = Maui, Hawaii
| pages = 586–591
| date = 1991}}
Turk, M.; Petland, A. (1991), "Face recognition using eigenfaces", Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Maui, Hawaii, pp. 586–591 {{Citation
| last1 = Evans | first1 = N. R.
| last2 = Schaefer | first2 = G.
| last3 = Bond | first3 = H.
| last4 = Karovska | first4 = M.
| last5 = Nelan | first5 = E.
| last6 = Sasselov | first6 = D.
| contribution = Direct detection of ...
| title = American Astronomical...
| publisher = AAS
| date = January 9, 2006
| contribution-url = http://...30.htm}}
Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E.; Sasselov, D. (January 9, 2006), "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope", American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting, AAS | |
| court case (legal decision) | {{Cite court}} |
{{cite court
| litigants =
| vol =
| reporter =
| opinion =
| pinpoint =
| court =
| date =
| url= }}
|
{{cite court
| litigants=Roe v. Wade
| vol=410
| reporter=U.S.
| opinion=113
| date=1973
| url=https://www.law.corn...}}
Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973). |
| dictionary, encyclopedia, other edited collection |
{{cite dictionary}} title dictionary |
{{cite dictionary
| title =
| dictionary =
| volume =
| page =
| publisher =
| date =
| id =
| url =
| access-date = }}
|
{{cite dictionary
| title = word, ''n''. ...
| dictionary = American Dictionary ...
| editor-last = Webst...
| editor-first = Noah
| editor-link = Noah Webst...
| publisher = Meriam-Webster
| date = 1890 }}
Webster, Noah, ed. (1890). "word, n.". American Dictionary of the English Language. Meriam-Webster. |
| {{cite encyclopedia}} title encyclopedia |
{{cite encyclopedia
| title =
| encyclopedia =
| volume =
| pages =
| publisher =
| date =
| id =
| url =
| access-date =}}
|
{{cite encyclopedia
| title = Kirkegaard...
| encyclopedia = Grote Winkler Pri...
| editor-last = Winkler Pri...
| editor-first = Anthony
| editor-link = Anthony Win...
| volume = 9
| publisher = Elsevier
| date = 1882}}
Winkler Prins, Anthony, ed. (1882). "Kirkegaard, Ole Lund". Grote Winkler Prins. Vol. 9. Elsevier. {{cite encyclopedia
| last = Kramer
| first = Martin
| author-link = Martin Kramer
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Bernard Lewis
| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Hist...
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| location = London
| date = 1999
| url = }}
Kramer, Martin (1999). "Bernard Lewis". In Boyd, Kelley (ed.). Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing. Vol. 1. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. pp. 719–720. | |
| {{Citation}} contribution=name of article |
{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| contribution =
| date =
| title =
| editor-last =
| editor-first =
| volume =
| pages =
| place =
| publisher =
| id = }}
|
{{Citation
| contribution = Kirkegaard...
| title = Grote Winkler Pri...
| editor-last = Winkler Pri...
| editor-first = Anthony
| editor-link = Anthony Win...
| volume = 9
| publisher = Elsevier
| date = 1882}}
Winkler Prins, Anthony, ed. (1882), "Kirkegaard, Ole Lund", Grote Winkler Prins, vol. 9, Elsevier {{Citation
| last = Kramer
| first = Martin
| author-link = Martin Kramer
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians ...
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| date = 1999
| contribution-url = http://...is.htm}}
Kramer, Martin (1999), "Bernard Lewis", in Boyd, Kelley (ed.), Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, vol. 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720 | |
| episode (television or radio) |
{{cite episode}} title |
{{cite episode
| title =
| episode-link =
| url =
| series =
| series-link =
| credits =
| network =
| station =
| air-date =
| began =
| ended =
| season =
| seriesno =
| number =
| minutes =
| transcript =
| transcript-url= }}
|
{{cite episode
| title = BBC-TV Presents: ...
| episode-link = BBC Snooker World ...
| series = Wide World of Snooker
| series-link = Wide World of Snooker ...
| credits = Presenters: Dennis ...
| network = BBC
| station = BBC Two
| city = Sheffield, ...
| air-date = 2008-04-27
| minutes = 2:34}}
Presenters: Dennis Taylor and Clive Everton (2008-04-27). "BBC-TV Presents: The 2008 World Snooker Championship Live at The Crucible". Wide World of Snooker. Sheffield, England. 2:34 minutes in. BBC. BBC Two. {{cite episode
Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Wikipedia:Citation_templates |