This guideline is a part of the English Wikipedia's Manual of Style. It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though it is best treated with common sense, and occasional exceptions may apply. Any substantive edit to this page should reflect consensus. When in doubt, discuss first on the talk page.

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This is a style guide for military history articles. It is intended to provide editors working on such articles with recommendations in relation to article naming conventions, formatting and presentation, template use, and categories. Advice on notability and content in relation to military history articles can be found at Wikipedia:WikiProject Military history/Notability guide and Wikipedia:WikiProject Military history/Content guide.

Shortcuts

• WP:MILMOS#APP
• WP:MILAPP

Many articles may deal extensively, but not exclusively with military-related topics. When in doubt, or when there is no clear consensus, defer to WP:MOS. As a general rule, this guidance should only be used where it is helpful, and should not be used as grounds for extensive disruptive renovations of existing articles.

Biographies

Consensus to follow this guidance on biographies of living or deceased persons should be based primarily on the prominence of military service in the WP:NOTABILITY of the individual. For example, an article on a Medal of Honor or Victoria Cross recipient, who is notable only for their military service, should most likely follow this guidance. An article on an individual, such as Elvis Presley, who would be notable had they never served in the military, most likely should not. Biographies of civilians, such as Marise Payne or Ash Carter, who are notable in large part for military-related reasons, but who themselves did not serve in uniform, should generally not follow this guidance.

Biographies of living people (BLPs) and those of people who have recently died must follow Wikipedia's BLP policy.

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• WP:MILMOS#NAME
• WP:MILNAME
• WP:NCMILHIST

Events

An article should generally be placed at the most common name used to refer to the event (such as Battle of Gettysburg, siege of Leningrad, attack on Pearl Harbor, or Doolittle Raid). If there is no common name, the name should be a descriptive geographic term such as "battle of X" or "siege of Y", where X and Y are the locations of the operations; see also the section on capitalization. Non-neutral terms such as "attack", "slaughter", "massacre", "raid", "liberation", or "fall" should be used with care.

If disambiguation is needed, the year may be added in parentheses (as in Battle of Salamis in Cyprus (306 BC)). Multiple battles at the same place in the same year should be called "First", "Second", and so forth (as in First Battle of Zurich and Second Battle of Zurich). Alternatively, the month of the battle may be used as a disambiguation (as in invasion of Tulagi (May 1942)); follow usage in reliable sources.

Orders of battle

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• WP:MILMOS#ORBAT
• WP:ORBAT

Titles for stand-alone list articles comprising orders of battle should generally be formulated as:

Name of military event/organisation order of battle

For the common case where the orders of battle for a military event are split into separate list articles by belligerent or opposing forces, then the naming conventions for split lists apply, and the format becomes:

Name of military event order of battle: Belligerent

as in Invasion of Yugoslavia order of battle: Axis or Battle of Raymond order of battle: Confederate. The military event should include any necessary disambiguation in the same way as the article about the event does; for example Raqqa campaign (2016–2017) order of battle. The parent list name should exist as a {{List of lists}} with links to the split lists. Redirects should also be created to shorter forms of the title that are likely to be searched, such as Gettysburg order of battle and Gettysburg order of battle: Union.

Operational codenames

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• WP:MILMOS#CODENAME
• WP:CODENAME

Operational codenames generally make poor titles, as the codename gives no indication of when or where the action took place and only represents one side's planning (potentially leading writers to focus on that side's point of view). It is better to use an appropriate geographical name for the article, creating a redirect from the operational name, for all but the most well-known operations (such as Operation Barbarossa), or for military actions that were never carried out (such as Operation Green).

Style of operation names

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• WP:MILMOS#CODESTYLE

References to operations are to be in accordance with the following examples, noting the use of capitals in the examples.

The Axis plan, Operation Xyz, was a proposal for the invasion of ...

The Xyz operation called for a combined overland and amphibious ....

Troop movements in preparation for Xyz commenced in ...

Operation Xyz is a compound proper noun and capitalised accordingly. No emphasis, such as quote marks, boldface (see special case, below) or italics are added even in the case of foreign words such as the following. A distinction is made when the correct foreign name or a translation is being offered.

Operation Rimau

Operation Barbarossa (German: Fall Barbarossa, literally "Case Barbarossa")

Operation Wunderland (German: Unternehmen Wunderland)

Links to articles in a campaign box are to be italicised but are not preceded by the word 'Operation' – i.e. "Cartwheel" only. Refer to the example in the Solomon Island campaign box for an actual example.

Boldface is used to highlight the first occurrence of the title word in the lead section in accordance with MOS format of the first sentence (lead). It is also used (almost exclusively in the lead) when the operation name is a redirect to a page about the associated battle or an alternative (synonymous or nearly synonymous) name for the operation as in the examples that follow :

For the article, Normandy landings, the lead opens: Normandy landings (codenamed Operation Neptune) were the landing operations on 6 June 1944 ...

For the article, Operation Torch, the lead opens: Operation Torch (initially called Operation Gymnast) was the ...

Tanks

This section is the subject of a current discussion. Please feel free to join in. This doesn't mean that you may not be bold in editing this section, but that it would be a good idea to check the discussion first.

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• WP:MILMOS#TANKS

For the sake of uniformity, ease of understanding and clarity, all articles documenting tanks should include "tank" as a part of its title, generally appended at the end. For instance:

The Heavy Tank M6 article is titled M6 heavy tank.

The Type 1 medium tank Chi-He (also known as Type 1 Chi-He) is titled Type 1 Chi-He medium tank and so on...

Units, formations, and bases

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• WP:MILMOS#UNITNAME
• WP:MILMOS#BASENAME

An article about a unit, formation, or base should be placed at "Name" or if "Name" is ambiguous at "Name (disambiguating term)". The name should generally be either the official name used by the armed forces to which the unit or base belongs; or, in cases where no relevant formal name exists or where a formal name is not commonly employed by historians, the most common name used in historical literature.

A name originally in a language other than English should be adapted by translating common terms (such as designations of size and type) and transliterating the remainder of the name. The choice of which components of the name are to be translated (and how) should follow the conventions employed by reputable historical works on the topic; some collected recommendations for specific terms are maintained by the relevant national task forces. The original name should be provided in the first sentence of the article, following the translated name; for example: The 3rd Mountain Division (3. Gebirgs-Division) was... or Boden Fortress (Swedish: Bodens fästning) is....

Names should generally follow the stylistic conventions used by the service or country of origin. For example, while US and British usage has spelled-out numerals for army-level formations and Roman numerals for corps, editors writing about different countries should follow those countries' normal usages; thus, "3. Panzer Armee" becomes "3rd Panzer Army", and "18-ya Armiya" becomes "18th Army".

For units whose name is ambiguous on Wikipedia, the disambiguating term should be the common name of the country whose armed forces the unit belongs to (as in 4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)), or, if such usage is still ambiguous (or where the unit does not serve a country), the name of the service branch to which the unit belongs (as in 1st Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)). The disambiguating term is not necessary in cases where the name is unambiguous (as in The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada or Preobrazhensky regiment).

In cases where a unit's name can reasonably be expected to be used by multiple armed forces—particularly in the case of numerical unit designations—the units should generally be preemptively disambiguated when the article is created, without waiting for the appearance of a second article on an identically named unit. If this is done, the non-disambiguated version of the unit name should be created as a disambiguation page (or a redirect to the disambiguated version).

For bases whose name is ambiguous on Wikipedia, the disambiguating term should be the region, province, state, or territory in which the base or fortress is located; for example, "Fort Lyon (Virginia)" and "Fort Lyon (Colorado)". The disambiguating is not necessary in cases where the name is unique to a single fortress or base.

When a unit or base has had multiple names over the course of its existence, the title should generally be the last name used; however, exceptions can be made in cases where the subject is clearly more commonly known by one of the previous names.

Root pages for the armed forces of a state are named, if the official name is known, by the official name's English translation (for example, "Australian Defence Force"). If the native language name is most commonly used, this should be kept (for example, "Bundeswehr"). Other national armed forces are only provisionally located at "Military of X", and should be renamed to the translation of the official name when available. Alternately, articles can be renamed if there is consensus over how the armed forces in question are normally referred to in common usage (for example, "United States Armed Forces").

Category names

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• WP:MILMOS#CATNAME

A number of naming conventions exist specifically for category names; most of these are used to ensure consistent naming among all the sub-categories of a particular category.

"X by country"

In most cases, sub-categories of a category named "X by country" take names of the form "X of Y", where Y is the most common name of the country in question. For example:

• Category:Military by country → "Military of Y" (as in Category:Military of Russia)
• Category:Military equipment by country → "Military equipment of Y" (as in Category:Military equipment of France)
• Category:Military history by country → "Military history of Y" (as in Category:Military history of the United States)
• Category:Military units and formations by country → "Military units and formations of Y" (as in Category:Military units and formations of the United Kingdom)
• Category:Weapons by country → "Weapons of Y" (as in Category:Weapons of Italy)

The subsidiary "by branch" categories for topics such as military units or personnel follow the same convention, with the full branch name replacing the country name (as in Category:Military units and formations of the United States Army).

Categories classifying military conflicts and operations by country take names of the form "X involving Y" instead:

• Category:Battles by country → "Battles involving Y" (as in Category:Battles involving France)
• Category:Military campaigns by country → "Military campaigns involving Y" (as in Category:Military campaigns involving the United States)
• Category:Military operations by country → "Military operations involving the Y" (as in Category:Military operations involving Germany)
• Category:Sieges by country → "Sieges involving the Y" (as in Category:Sieges involving France)
• Category:Wars by country → "Wars involving the Y" (as in Category:Wars involving the Ottoman Empire)

"X by period"

In most cases, sub-categories of a category named "X by period" take names of the form "X of the Y period", where Y is the name of the period of warfare in question. For example:

• Category:Battles by period → "Battles of the Y period" (as in Category:Battles of the Early Modern period)
• Category:Military units and formations by period → "Military units and formations of the Y period" (as in Category:Military units and formations of the Early Modern period)

"X by war"

In most cases, sub-categories of a category named "X by war" take names of the form "X of the Y", where Y is the most common name of the war in question. For example:

• Category:Battles by war → "Battles of the Y" or "Battles and operations of the Y" (as in Category:Battles of the Hundred Years' War)
• Category:Campaigns by war → "Campaigns of the Y" or "Theaters and campaigns of the Y" (as in Category:Theaters and campaigns of World War II)
• Category:Military personnel by war → "Military personnel of the Y" (as in Category:Military personnel of World War I)
• Category:Military units and formations by war → "Military units and formations of the Y" (as in Category:Military units and formations of the American Civil War)
• Category:People by war → "People of the Y" (as in Category:People of the Hundred Years' War)

"X by size"

This category tree is used primarily for military units and formations; sub-categories take the name "Y", where Y is the size in question (as in Category:Military units and formations by size → Category:Regiments, Category:Corps, and so forth).

"X by type"

In most cases, sub-categories of a category named "X by type" take names of the form "Y X", where Y describes the type in question. For example:

• Category:Battles by type → "Y battles" (as in Category:Naval battles)
• Category:Military units and formations by type → "Y units and formations" (as in Category:Airborne units and formations)

Note that this form of category tree tends to exhibit more varied naming than the others. For example, Category:Battles by type also includes the non-standard Category:Sieges (since "Siege battles" would be a cumbersome name).

Intersection categories

The names of intersection categories generally follow the same conventions as above, with the name components of their parent categories placed in normal grammatical order (usually with period/war designations given after country/branch ones). This produces, for example, "Naval battles of the Early Modern period" (type and period) and "Airborne regiments of the United States Army in World War II" (type, size, branch, and war).

Capitalizationedit

The general rule from MOS:CAPS is that wherever a military term is an accepted proper name, as evidenced by consistent capitalization in reliable sources, it should be capitalized in Wikipedia. Where there is uncertainty as to whether a term is a proper name, consensus should be reached on the talk page; the MOS:CAPS default is to use lower case, unless and until evidence of consistent capitalization in the sources is presented.

When using a numerical model designation, the word following the designation should be left uncapitalized (for example, "M16 rifle" or "M109 howitzer") unless it is a proper noun.

Datesedit

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• WP:MILMOS#DATERANGE
• WP:MILDATE

Existing articles related to military history should follow MOS:DATERET as a default, and extensive efforts should not be undertaken to comply with this guidance for its own sake, unless there is strong consensus for the change.

Per MOS:DATETIES, articles on subjects predominately related to militaries or military history should use the standard format adopted by the United Nations:² DD Month YYYY (or D Month YYYY). This includes spaces and excludes hyphens or commas. In cases where the day is a single digit, a leading 0 should be omitted. For example:

• 1 January 1900 and not 1-January-1900; 1 January, 1900; 1January1900 or 1, January 1900
• 1 January 1900 and not 01 January 1900

All articles should follow MOS:DATEUNIFY, and should not mix date formats.

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