Batiniyyah

Batiniyya (Arabic: باطنية, romanized: Bāṭiniyyah) refers to groups that distinguish between an outer, exoteric (zāhir) and an inner, esoteric (bāṭin) meaning in Islamic scriptures.^[1] The term has been used in particular for an allegoristic type of scriptural interpretation developed among some Shia groups, stressing the bāṭin meaning of texts.^[2] It has been retained by all branches of Isma'ilism and various Druze groups as well. The Alawites practice a similar system of interpretation.^[2] Batiniyya is a common epithet used to designate Isma'ili Islam, which has been accepted by Ismai'lis themselves.^[3]

Sunni writers have used the term batiniyya polemically in reference to rejection of the evident meaning of scripture in favor of its bāṭin meaning.^[2] Al-Ghazali, a medieval Sunni theologian, used the term batiniyya pejoratively for the adherents of Isma'ilism.^[2]^[4] Some Shia writers have also used the term polemically.^[1]

Referencesedit

^ ^a ^b Halm, Heinz. "BĀṬENĪYA". Encyclopedia Iranica. Vol. III. pp. 861–863. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hodgson, M.G.S. (1960). "Bāṭiniyya". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_1284. OCLC 495469456.
^ Daadbeh, Asghar, Gholami, Rahim (2013). "Bāṭiniyya". In Wilferd Madelung; Farhad Daftary (eds.). Encyclopaedia Islamica. doi:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_000000100.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Mitha, Farouk (2001). Al-Ghazali and the Ismailis: A Debate on Reason and Authority in Medieval Islam. I.B.Tauris. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-86064-792-5.

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[BĀṬENĪYA-1] Halm, Heinz. "BĀṬENĪYA". Encyclopedia Iranica. Vol. III. pp. 861–863. Retrieved 4 August 2014.

[EI2-1-Batiniyya-2] Hodgson, M.G.S. (1960). "Bāṭiniyya". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_1284. OCLC 495469456.

[3] Daadbeh, Asghar, Gholami, Rahim (2013). "Bāṭiniyya". In Wilferd Madelung; Farhad Daftary (eds.). Encyclopaedia Islamica. doi:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_000000100.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[4] Mitha, Farouk (2001). Al-Ghazali and the Ismailis: A Debate on Reason and Authority in Medieval Islam. I.B.Tauris. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-86064-792-5.

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