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Electorates (also known as electoral divisions or seats) of the Australian House of Representatives are single member electoral districts for the lower house of the Parliament of the Commonwealth. There are currently 151 electorates.

Constitutional and legal requirements

Section 24 of the Constitution of Australia specifies that the total number of members of the Australian House of Representatives shall be "as nearly as practicable" twice as many as the number of members of the Australian Senate. The section also requires that electorates be apportioned among the states in proportion to their respective populations; provided that each original state has at least 5 members in the House of Representatives, a provision that has given Tasmania higher representation than its population would otherwise justify. There are three electorates in the Australian Capital Territory and even though the Northern Territory should have only one electorate based on their population, parliament have legislated that they receive two (by setting the quota for seat allocation using the harmonic mean for territories, meaning only around 1.3 quotas rather than 1.5 quotas are needed to have two seats).

In addition, Section 29 forbids electorate boundaries from crossing state lines, forcing populated areas along state and territory borders to be placed in different electorates, such as Albury in New South Wales being part of the electorate of Farrer, while nearby Wodonga in Victoria is part of the electorate of Indi. The same restriction does not apply to territories, and several current electoral divisions incorporate electors from multiple territories. This is currently the case for the Division of Bean (covering part of the ACT and the whole of Norfolk Island), the Division of Fenner (covering part of the ACT and the whole of Jervis Bay Territory), and the Division of Lingiari (covering part of the Northern Territory and the whole of Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands).

The Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 sets out further provisions.^[1]

Apportionment and redistribution

The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) determines the number of members of the House of Representatives to which each state and territory is entitled (called apportionment) and the boundaries of each electorate, in a process known as redistribution. Such apportionment and redistributions apply to the next federal election, but not to any by-elections. The last apportionment determination was made in July 2020. The resulting redistribution took place during 2021 and was used in the 2022 federal election, which was held on 21 May 2022.

Within each state and territory, electoral boundaries are redrawn from time to time. This takes place at least once every 7 years, or when the state's entitlement to the number of members of the House of Representatives changes. Boundaries are drawn by a Redistribution Committee, and redistributions within a state are on the basis of the number of enrolled voters, rather than total residents or "population". The number of enrolled voters in each division cannot vary by more than 10% from the average across a state or territory, nor can the number of voters vary by more than 3.5% from the average projected enrolment 3.5 years into the future. However, due to various reasons, larger seats like Cowper in New South Wales contain 80% more electors than that of smaller seats like Solomon in the Northern Territory. In 2018, seats in Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia were also abolished, in order to make way for seats in similar locations but with different names.^[2][3]

At the 2022 Australian federal election, based on the 2021 apportionment, there were 151 divisions: 47 in New South Wales, 39 in Victoria, 30 in Queensland, 15 in Western Australia, 10 in South Australia, 5 in Tasmania, 3 in the ACT and 2 in Northern Territory.

Naming

The divisions of the House of Representatives are unusual in that many of them are not named after geographical features or numbered, as is the case in most other legislatures around the world. Most divisions are named in honour of prominent historical people, such as former politicians (often Prime Ministers), explorers, artists and engineers. There is also a preference for retaining names used since Federation.^[4]

In some cases where a division is named after a geographical locality, the connection to that locality is sometimes tenuous. For instance, the Division of Werriwa, created in 1901, was named after the Aboriginal word for Lake George in the Canberra region. However, Werriwa has not contained Lake George for many decades, and has steadily moved some 200 km north to the south-western suburbs of Sydney over the past century.^{[citation needed]}

List of current electoral divisions

The divisions that existed at the 2022 Australian federal election appear in the table below.

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Divisions_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives
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Name	Formed	State / Territory	Size (km2)	Namesake	Known for	Current Member	Member's Party	Classification
Adelaide	1903	South Australia	76	City of Adelaide	Geographic location	Steve Georganas	Labor	Inner-metropolitan
Aston	1984	Victoria	113	Tilly Aston	Teacher	Mary Doyle	Labor	Outer-metropolitan
Ballarat	1901	Victoria	4,322	City of Ballarat	Geographic location	Catherine King	Labor	Provincial
Banks	1949	New South Wales	53	Joseph Banks	Botanist	David Coleman	Liberal	Inner-metropolitan
Barker	1903	South Australia	63,886	Collet Barker	Explorer	Tony Pasin	Liberal	Rural
Barton	1922	New South Wales	40	Edmund Barton	Prime Minister	Linda Burney	Labor	Inner-metropolitan
Bass	1903	Tasmania	7,975	George Bass	Explorer	Bridget Archer	Liberal	Provincial
Bean	2019	Australian Capital Territory Norfolk Island	1,913	Charles Bean	War correspondent, historian	David Smith	Labor	Outer-metropolitan
Bendigo	1901	Victoria	5,496	City of Bendigo	Geographic location	Lisa Chesters	Labor	Provincial
Bennelong	1949	New South Wales	60	Bennelong	Aboriginal elder	Jerome Laxale	Labor	Inner-metropolitan
Berowra	1969	New South Wales	786	Suburb of Berowra	Geographic location	Julian Leeser	Liberal	Outer-metropolitan
Blair	1998	Queensland	6,472	Harold Blair	Aboriginal singer	Shayne Neumann	Labor	Provincial
Blaxland	1949	New South Wales	61	Gregory Blaxland	Explorer	Jason Clare	Labor	Inner-metropolitan
Bonner	2004	Queensland	374	Neville Bonner	Aboriginal politician	Ross Vasta	Liberal National	Outer-metropolitan
Boothby	1903	South Australia	130	William Boothby	Electoral commissioner	Louise Miller-Frost	Labor	Outer-metropolitan
Bowman	1949	Queensland	536	David Bowman	Politician	Henry Pike	Liberal National	Outer-metropolitan
Braddon	1955	Tasmania	21,369	Edward Braddon	Premier of Tasmania	Gavin Pearce	Liberal	Rural
Bradfield	1949	New South Wales	101	John Bradfield	Designer of the Sydney Harbour Bridge	Paul Fletcher	Liberal	Inner-metropolitan
Brand	1984	Western Australia	377	David Brand	Premier of Western Australia	Madeleine King	Labor	Outer-metropolitan
Brisbane	1901	Queensland	57	City of Brisbane	Geographic location	Stephen Bates	Greens	Inner-metropolitan
Bruce	1955	Victoria	115	Stanley Bruce	Prime Minister	Julian Hill	Labor	Outer-metropolitan
Burt	2016	Western Australia	172	Archibald, Septimus and Francis Burt	Family of lawyers	Matt Keogh	Labor	Outer-metropolitan
Calare	1906	New South Wales	32,666	Aboriginal name for the Lachlan River	Geographic location	Andrew Gee	Independent	Rural
Calwell	1984	Victoria	265	Arthur Calwell	Leader of the opposition	Maria Vamvakinou	Labor	Outer-metropolitan
Canberra	1974	Australian Capital Territory	312	City of Canberra	Geographic location	Alicia Payne	Labor	Inner-metropolitan
Canning	1949	Western Australia	6,304	Alfred Canning	Surveyor of the Rabbit-Proof Fence	Andrew Hastie	Liberal	Outer-metropolitan
Capricornia	1901	Queensland	90,903	Tropic of Capricorn	Geographic location	Michelle Landry	Liberal National	Provincial
Casey	1969	Victoria	2,466	Richard Casey	Governor-General	Aaron Violi	Liberal	Rural
Chifley	1969	New South Wales	126	Ben Chifley	Prime Minister	Ed Husic	Labor	Outer-metropolitan
Chisholm	1949	Victoria	65	Caroline Chisholm	Philanthropist	Carina Garland	Labor	Inner-metropolitan
Clark	2019	Tasmania	292	Andrew Inglis Clark	Co-author of the Australian Constitution	Andrew Wilkie	Independent	Inner-metropolitan
Cook	1969	New South Wales	94	James Cook	Explorer	Simon Kennedy	Liberal	Inner-metropolitan
Cooper	2019	Victoria	60	William Cooper	Aboriginal activist	Ged Kearney	Labor	Inner-metropolitan
Corangamite	1901	Victoria	1,506	Lake Corangamite	Geographic location	Libby Coker	Labor	Provincial
Corio	1901	Victoria	773	Corio Bay	Geographic location	Richard Marles	Labor	Provincial
Cowan	1984	Western Australia	95	Edith Cowan	Politician, activist	Anne Aly	Labor	Inner-metropolitan
Cowper	1901	New South Wales	7,296	Charles Cowper	Premier of New South Wales	Pat Conaghan	Nationals	Provincial
Cunningham	1949	New South Wales	519	Allan Cunningham	Botanist, explorer