Federal Route 1
Route information
Part of AH2 and AH142
Length	865.85 km (538.01 mi)
Existed	1880[1]–present
History	Completed in 1939[1][2]
Major junctions
North end	Bukit Kayu Hitam, Kedah
Major intersections	Butterworth Outer Ring Road Butterworth Outer Ring Road Butterworth–Kulim Expressway AH140 Butterworth–Kulim Expressway Penang Bridge Penang Bridge North–South Expressway Northern Route AH2 North–South Expressway Northern Route North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 North–South Expressway Southern Route Cheras–Kajang Expressway Cheras–Kajang Expressway Kajang Dispersal Link Expressway Kajang Dispersal Link Expressway Kajang–Seremban Highway Kajang–Seremban Highway Second Link Expressway AH143 Second Link Expressway
South end	Johor Bahru, Johor
Location
Country	Malaysia
Primary destinations	Jitra, Alor Setar, Sungai Petani, Butterworth, Nibong Tebal, Bagan Serai, Taiping, Kuala Kangsar, Sungai Siput, Ipoh, Kampar, Gopeng, Tapah, Bidor, Slim River, Tanjung Malim, Kuala Kubu Bharu, Rawang, Kuala Lumpur, Kajang, Seremban, Rembau, Tampin, Gemas, Segamat, Labis, Chaah, Yong Peng, Ayer Hitam, Machap, Simpang Renggam, Bukit Batu, Sedenak, Kulai, Senai, Skudai, Johor Bahru
Highway system
Highways in Malaysia Expressways Federal State

The Federal Route 1 is the first federal road in Malaysia, the oldest federal road in Malaysia, and among the nation's earliest public roadways ever constructed.^[1] The Federal Route 1 was the backbone of the road system in the western states of Peninsular Malaysia before being supplanted by the North–South Expressway (E1 and E2).

Route background

The Federal Route 1 is one of the three north–south backbone federal highways in Peninsular Malaysia; the other two are the Federal Routes 3 and 5.^[3]

The Kilometre Zero of the Federal Route 1 is located at the former site of the now-demolished Tanjung Puteri CIQ Complex in Johor Bahru, where it connected to the Johor–Singapore Causeway at the Malaysia–Singapore border. Since 2008, the Federal Route 1 has been disconnected from the Causeway when the new Sultan Iskandar CIQ Complex was opened, with new access roads linking the Causeway to the CIQ Complex.

At the first kilometre at the city of Johor Bahru, it is connected with the Federal Route 3, the main trunk road of the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Next, at Kilometre 19 which is at Skudai, the route is connected with the Federal Route 5 which is the main trunk road of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia.^[4]

The Federal Route 1 is the main trunk road at the interior part of Peninsular Malaysia but passes the western states. From Tampin to Sungai Siput, the FT1 highway runs along the western foothills of the Titiwangsa Range. The FT1 highway intersects with the Federal Route 2 at Kuala Lumpur before intersecting with another end of the Federal Route 5 at Ipoh. At Sungai Siput, Perak, the route changes its direction westbound and later becomes the main west coastal route, starting from Changkat Jering, Perak to Alor Setar, Kedah.^[4] The route meets with the North–South Expressway Northern Route E1 at Jitra, Kedah and the section of the North–South Expressway from Jitra to Bukit Kayu Hitam is a part of the Federal Route 1.^[2][3][5]

There are 92 street names associated with the Federal Route 1 along its entire length.^[6]

It is estimated that over a million Malaysians rely on the Federal Route 1 users as their main economic source.^[2]

History

The Federal Route 1 is believed to be the nation's earliest public roadway constructed. Construction began in 1880 under the orders on the Sultan of Kedah at that time, Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah, connecting Alor Setar, Kedah to Songkhla, Thailand.^[1] Today, the road is also a part of the Phetkasem Road (Thailand Route 4), Routes 407 and 414 in Thailand.^{[2][better source needed]}

The road grew in importance as it connected most of the state capitals on the west coast (except Perlis and Malacca), and as a result, numerous towns grew along its path. The next phases were mostly constructed by the British colonial government as a means to provide an efficient transportation network to exploit the economic resources in Malaya.^[2] The second section being completed was Perai–Ipoh section, opened to traffic in 1897. In 1915, the Kuala Lumpur–Ipoh and Johor Bahru–Kulai sections were completed.^[1] In 1924, the Johor–Singapore Causeway was completed, connecting Johor Bahru to the island of Singapore.^[7][8][9] The next sections being completed were Butterworth–Alor Setar and Kulai–Yong Peng sections, both were opened to traffic in 1928. The entire roadway was finally concluded in 1939 after the completion of the final section connecting Yong Peng to Tampin in 1939.^[1][2]

During the Second World War, the Federal Route 1 sustained heavy damage during the Malayan Campaign between the British army and the Imperial Japanese Army. During the campaign, it was estimated that more than 100 bridges were blown by the Royal Engineers in order to stop the Japanese advances southwards. Among the most famous bridges being blown were the Sungai Kelamah Bridge (also known as the Gemencheh Bridge), Gemas Bridge and Buloh Kasap Bridge – all of them were located at the Federal Route 1 – as a result of the Battle of Gemas which had claimed the lives of more than 1,000 Imperial Japanese soldiers.^[10] After the Second World War ended, the FT1 road was restored and damaged bridges were rebuilt.^[2]

Post-independence

Numerous improvements were implemented on Federal Route 1 after the independence of Malaya in 1957 and the formation of Malaysia in 1963. Among the earliest improvements was the construction of the Merdeka Bridge at the Penang–Kedah state border. It was constructed to replace the old bridge that was destroyed in 1942 during the Second World War. The bridge assumed its name for being opened to motorists during the year of Malayan independence.^[5]

In 1966, the Tanjung Malim–Slim River Highway FT1 was opened to motorists, becoming the earliest toll road in Malaysia.^[11] The two-lane highway bypassed the former section between Slim River to Tanjung Malim, which would later be downgraded to Perak State Route A121 and Federal Route 193.^[4][12]

The improvements of the FT1 route were also being implemented within the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur as well, in order to improve the highway network within the city. A lack of proper highway planning was blamed for the severe congestion in the city. At that time, the FT1 route within Kuala Lumpur consisted of Jalan Cheras, Jalan Pudu, Jalan Tun Perak (formerly known as Java Street and then Mountbatten Road), Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman and Jalan Ipoh (both previously known as Batu Road).^[13] Under the recommendation from the 1979 Klang Valley Review Report, the FT1 route in Kuala Lumpur was rerouted to a new road system consisting Jalan Loke Yew, Jalan Maharajalela, Jalan Kinabalu and Jalan Kuching as a traffic dispersal means as well as providing the constant continuity of the FT1 route in Kuala Lumpur.^[14] One of the components of the new road system was the Jalan Kinabalu viaduct, which was opened on 15 March 1963.^[15]

The government in 1977 proposed to build an alternative road that would later be known as North–South Expressway, due to severe congestion along Federal Route 1,^{[16][better source needed]} but economic uncertainties caused delays and the project was only revived in the 1980s under Mahathir Mohamad.^[1]

The most controversial development of the FT1 highway in Kuala Lumpur was the toll collection at Jalan Kuching FT1. The nine-year concession of Jalan Kuching FT1 was awarded to Kamunting Corporation Berhad, signed on 15 April 1985. In the original concessionaire agreement, Kamunting Corporation Berhad was required to build an interchange at Kepong Roundabout and to upgrade the Jalan Kepong FT54, in return for the nine-year toll collection rights starting from 1987 until 1996. However, in 1987, the concessionaire agreement was amended, and Kamunting Corporation Berhad was required to add two more lanes from the existing four lanes along Jalan Kuching FT1, resulting in another 7-year extension of toll concession which was ended in 2003.^[17] The toll collection at Jalan Kuching FT1 had sparked fury among Kuala Lumpurian motorists, and numerous protests were held to urge the government to end the toll collection there.^[17][18] The toll collection at Jalan Kuching FT1 was finally abolished on 8 January 2003.^[19]

Where the Jitra–Bukit Kayu Hitam section was constructed as an upgrade of the existing Federal Route 1 section into a divided highway with partial access control and at-grade intersections.^[16] At that time, the construction of the Kuala Lumpur–Seremban Expressway E2 was still ongoing, and therefore the expressway would later form the pioneer route for the southern route. Unlike the other sections of the North–South Expressway, the Jitra–Bukit Kayu Hitam section did not comply with the expressway standards defined by the Arahan Teknik 8/86: A Guide on Geometric Design of Roads which was only published by the Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR) later in 1986, resulting the section to be grandfathered as a part of the North–South Expressway E1.^[16] After the North–South Expressway was completed in 1994, the expressway took the role of the Federal Route 1 as the main backbone route in Peninsular Malaysia.^[20]

Apart from the Jitra–Bukit Kayu Hitam section that was being upgraded to be a part of the North–South Expressway E1, there are some other sections of the FT1 highway that have been upgraded to toll roads and controlled-access expressways. For example, the Skudai Highway FT1 was completed in November 1985 as a tolled divided highway until 1 March 2004.^[21] Meanwhile, Jalan Cheras–Kajang FT1 was upgraded from the former two-lane road into an eight-lane controlled-access expressway known as the Cheras–Kajang Expressway E7/FT1. The expressway was opened to traffic on 15 January 1999.^[22]

Much of the road remains in use, although in September 2009, portions of the road north of Ipoh were temporarily closed to facilitate double tracking and electrification along the Ipoh–Padang Besar railway line. In December 2022, a 9.4 km segment of the Ipoh-Butterworth trunk road has been renamed to "Jalan Tun Dr. S. Samy Vellu " in a tribute to the former works minister. This renaming, as per the Federal gazette, encompasses the stretch commencing at the Kinta-Kuala Kangsar district border and culminating at the junction of Taman Makmur in Sungai Siput, Perak.^[23][24]

List of junctions and towns (south–north)

This article contains a bulleted list or table of intersections which should be presented in a properly formatted junction table. Please consult this guideline for information on how to create one. Please improve this article if you can. (November 2021)

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Malaysia_Federal_Route_1
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Km	Exit	Interchange/junctions	To	Remarks
		Johor Bahru–Senai	see also Skudai Highway
		Saleng
		Hospital Temenggong Seri Maharaja
		Indahpura	Southwest Persiaran Indahpura Utama Indahpura Northeast Lebuh Putra Utama Bandar Putra Kulai IOI Mall Kulai	Diamond interchange
		Kulai	Majlis Perbandaran Kulai (MPKulai) main headquarters
		Kulai Jalan Kota Tinggi	East FT 94 Kota Tinggi FT 3 AH18 Mersing FT 91 Kota Tinggi waterfall FT 92 Desaru	T-junctions
		Kulai
		Kulai Jalan Sengkang	Northeast Jalan Sengkang Sengkang	T-junctions
		Kulaijaya-NSE Highway	West FT 399 Kulaijaya-NSE Highway (Jalan Alor Bukit) Taman Puteri Kulai Gunung Pulai Pekan Nanas Pontian North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 North–South Expressway Southern Route Kuala Lumpur Johor Bahru	T-junctions
		Kelapa Sawit
		Kampung Rahmat
		Sedenak	East J103 Jalan Sedenak Sedenak	T-junctions
		Ayer Bemban
		Kampung Ayer Manis
		Jalan Parit Panjang	Southwest J118 Jalan Parit Panjang FELDA Bukit Batu Ayer Baloi Pontian North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 North–South Expressway Southern Route Kuala Lumpur Johor Bahru	T-junctions
		Bukit Batu
		Jalan Layang-Layang	Northeast J6 Jalan Layang Layang Layang-Layang Renggam Kluang	T-junctions
Kulai–Kluang district border Simpang Renggam sub-district border
		Jalan FELDA Layang-Layang	East FT 1423 Jalan FELDA Layang-Layang FELDA Layang-Layang	T-junctions
		Johore Safari World (Closed on 1984)		Abandoned T-junctions
		Jalan Benut	Southwest FT 96 Benut FT 5 Pontian North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 North–South Expressway Southern Route Kuala Lumpur Johor Bahru	T-junctions
		Simpang Renggam Jalan Simpang Renggam–Layang Layang	Northeast J26 Jalan Simpang Renggam–Layang Layang Renggam Layang-Layang Kluang	T-junctions
		Sungai Machap bridge
		Machap Rest and Service Area
		Machap
		Machap-NSE	North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 North–South Expressway Southern Route North Kuala Lumpur Melaka Ayer Hitam South Johor Bahru Kulai Simpang Renggam	T-junctions
		Tropical Village		T-junctions
Kluang–Batu Pahat district border Simpang Renggam–Yong Peng sub-district border
Ayer Hitam, Bandar Persinggahan (The Rest Town of Johor)
		Ayer Hitam	Southwest FT 50 Batu Pahat FT 50 Parit Raja Northeast FT 50 Kluang FT 3 AH18 Mersing North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 North–South Expressway Southern Route Kuala Lumpur Johor Bahru	Junctions
		Masjid Sultan Ibrahim, Ayer Hitam
Ayer Hitam, Bandar Persinggahan (The Rest Town of Johor)
		Sungai Semberong Bridge
		Jalan Olak Batu	Southwest J206 Jalan Olak Batu Olak Batu, Parit Raja	T-junctions
		Kampung Haji Abdul Ghaffar
		Yong Peng South-NSE	South Only North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 North–South Expressway Southern Route Johor Bahru Simpang Renggam Ayer Hitam	T-junctions
		Yong Peng	West FT 24 Muar FT 24 Bakri FT 24 Parit Sulong J13 Batu Pahat North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 North–South Expressway Southern Route Kuala Lumpur Johor Bahru	T-junctions
		Jalan Paloh	East J16 Jalan Paloh Paloh Kluang	T-junctions
		TNB Yong Peng intake		Largest power intake in Johor state
Batu Pahat–Segamat district border Yong Peng–Labis sub-district border
		Sungai Simpang Kiri bridge
		Chaah
		Sungai Chaah bridge
		Jalan Bekok	East J150 Jalan Bekok Bekok Jagoh	T-junctions
		Sungai Chaah bridge
		Kampung Sungai Karas
		Sungai Gatom bridge
		Sungai Labis bridge
		Jalan Muar–Labis	North Jalan Stesen Keretapi Labis Labis railway station Southwest J32 Jalan Muar-Labis Bukit Kepong Pagoh Muar North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 North–South Expressway Southern Route Kuala Lumpur Johor Bahru	T-junctions
		Railway crossing bridge
		Labis	East Jalan Bandar Labis Town Centre Hospital Labis	T-junctions
		Labis
		Jalan Ayer Panas	North J151 Jalan Ayer Panas Pekan Air Panas	T-junctions
Labis–Segamat sub-district border
		Hutan Rizab Bukit Mambai
		Tenang
		Genuang	FT 1 Kampung Melayu Raya FT 1 Genuang	T-junction
		Segamat Industrial Area	FT 1 Kampung Melayu Raya FT 1 Genuang Segamat Industrial Area Hospital Segamat Bandar Putra Segamat	Junctions
		Segamat Kampung Abdullah	South J14 Jalan Pogoh Bukit Kepong Lenga Muar North Segamat Inner Ring Road FT 1384 FELDA Medoi J154 Kampung Tengah	Junctions
		Sungai Segamat Bridge
		Segamat	South FT 23 Muar FT 23 Tangkak FT 23 Jementah North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 North–South Expressway Southern Route Kuala Lumpur Johor Bahru	Junctions
		Segamat Taman Pemuda	North Segamat Inner Ring Road FT 1384 FELDA Medoi J154 Kampung Tengah	Junctions
		Tun Razak Highway	North FT 12 AH142 Tun Razak Highway FT 2 Kuantan FT 12 AH142 Gambang FT 12 AH142 Bandar Muadzam Shah East Coast Expressway Kuala Terengganu	Junctions
		Buloh Kasap	Southwest J153 Jalan Tasek Alai FT 23 Muar FT 23 Tangkak FT 23 Jementah North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 North–South Expressway Southern Route Kuala Lumpur Johor Bahru	T-junctions
		Sungai Muar Bridge Jambatan Buloh Kasap		Historical site
		Railway crossing bridge
		Jalan Batu Enam	South J43 Jalan Batu Enam FT 23 Muar FT 23 Tangkak FT 23 Jementah North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 North–South Expressway Southern Route Kuala Lumpur Johor Bahru	T-junctions
		Batu Enam
		Railway crossing bridge
		Gemas Baharu
Johor Darul Takzim Segamat district border Segamat sub-district border
Sungai Gemas Bridge Johor-Negeri Sembilan border
Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus Tampin district border
		GEMAS	Gemas railway station
		Railway crossing
		Taman Desa Permai	North N114 Jalan Bangka Hulu Kampung Ladang Bangka Hulu Pasir Besar	T-junctions
		Gemas Army Camp (Kor Armor Diraja)
		Jalan Jempol	North FT 10 Temerloh FT 10 Bahau FT 10 Rompin	T-junctions
		Battle of Gemencheh Bridge historical site Sungai Gemencheh Bridge		Historical site
		FELDA Sungai Kelamah
		Kampung Sungai Dua	South N15 Jalan Nyalas Ayer Kuning Nyalas Jasin	T-junctions
		Kampung Baharu Gedok
		Gemencheh	N13 Jalan Dangi–Kesang Pajak North Dangi Bahau South Batang Melaka Selandar Jasin	Junctions
Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus Tampin district border
Negeri Sembilan–Melaka border
Melaka Alor Gajah district border
		Kampung Ibus
		Sempang Kampung Sungga	South M19 Jalan Machap Machap Umboo Durian Tunggal Melaka	T-junctions
Melaka Alor Gajah district border
Melaka–Negeri Sembilan border
Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus Tampin district border
		Kampung Pondoi
		Karak - Tampin Highway	North FT 9 Karak FT 9 Kuala Pilah FT 9 Johol	T-junctions
		Tampin	Tampin Museum Tampin District and Land Office Majlis Daerah Tampin main headquarters Masjid Tampin
		Tampin	South FT 61 Tampin Bypass Melaka Cheng Peringgit Alor Gajah North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 North–South Expressway Southern Route Kuala Lumpur Johor Bahru West FT 61 Tampin town centre Tampin Railway Station	Roundabout Upgrades to an intersection Under construction
		Tampin Layby		Layby
Tampin-Rembau district border
		Kampung Ulu Kendong	South FT 19 Simpang Ampat FT 19 Melaka FT 19 Cheng FT 19 Peringgit FT 19 Alor Gajah North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 North–South Expressway Southern Route Kuala Lumpur Johor Bahru
		Railway crossing bridge
		Kampung Padang Lebar
		Jalan Semerbok	Southwest N106 Jalan Semerbok Semerbok	T-junctions
		Kampung Kota Lama
		Kampung Perah
		Jalan Gadong	Northeast N111 Jalan Gadong Gadong Chengkau	T-junctions
		Jalan Kota	West N12 Jalan Kota Kota	T-junctions
		Kampung Kota
		Tanjung Berangan
		Jalan Penajis	South N11 Jalan Penajis Penajis	T-junctions
		Jalan Paya Lebar	Southwest N10 Jalan Paya Lebar Paya Lebar	T-junctions
		Railway crossing bridge
		Jalan Gadong	Northeast N111 Jalan Gadong Gadong Chengkau	T-junctions
		Jalan Inas	East N14 Jalan Inas Inas Johol Kuala Pilah	T-junctions
		Jalan Chembong	North N105 Jalan Chembong Chembong Ulu Sepri	T-junctions
		Rembau