A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
| All the News That's Fit to Print | |
 | |
 The New York Times print edition on January 13, 2024 | |
| Type | Daily newspaper |
|---|---|
| Format | Broadsheet |
| Owner(s) | The New York Times Company |
| Founder(s) | |
| Publisher | A. G. Sulzberger |
| Editor-in-chief | Joseph Kahn |
| Managing editor | |
| Staff writers | 1,700 (2023) |
| Founded | September 18, 1851 |
| Political alignment | Modern liberalism |
| Headquarters | 620 Eighth Avenue New York City, 10018, U.S. |
| Circulation | 10,360,000 news subscribers[a] (as of May 2024) |
| Sister newspapers | International Herald Tribune (1967–2013) The New York Times International Edition (1943–1967; 2013–present) |
| ISSN | 0362-4331 (print) 1553-8095 (web) |
| OCLC number | 1645522 |
| Website | nytimes |
| This article is part of a series about |
| The New York Times |
|---|
 |
| Publications |
| People |
| The New York Times Company |
The New York Times (NYT)[b] is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. The New York Times covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of the longest-running newspapers in the United States, it serves as one of the country's newspapers of record. As of 2023, the newspaper had 296,330 print subscribers, making it the second-largest newspaper by print circulation in the nation behind The Wall Street Journal with 609,650 print subscribers. Including online subscribers, it had a circulation of 9.126 million, the most of any newspaper in the nation. The Times has received 137 Pulitzer Prizes as of 2023, the most of any publication, among other accolades. The New York Times is published by The New York Times Company; since 1896, the company has been chaired by the Ochs-Sulzberger family, whose current chairman and the paper's publisher is A. G. Sulzberger. The Times is headquartered at The New York Times Building in Midtown Manhattan.
The Times was founded as the conservative New-York Daily Times in 1851, and came to national recognition in the 1870s with its aggressive coverage of corrupt politician William M. Tweed. Following the Panic of 1893, Chattanooga Times publisher Adolph Ochs gained a controlling interest in the company. In 1935, Ochs was succeeded by his son-in-law, Arthur Hays Sulzberger, who began a push into European news. Sulzberger's son-in-law Arthur Ochs became publisher in 1963, adapting to a changing newspaper industry and introducing radical changes. The New York Times was involved in the landmark 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, which restricted the ability of public officials to sue the media for defamation.
In 1971, The New York Times published the Pentagon Papers, an internal Department of Defense document detailing the United States's historical involvement in the Vietnam War, despite pushback from then-president Richard Nixon. In the landmark decision New York Times Co. v. United States (1971), the Supreme Court ruled that the First Amendment guaranteed the right to publish the Pentagon Papers. In the 1980s, the Times began a two-decade progression to digital technology and launched nytimes.com in 1996. In the 21st century, The New York Times has shifted its publication online amid the global decline of newspapers.
The Times has expanded to several other publications, including The New York Times Magazine, The New York Times International Edition, and The New York Times Book Review. In addition, the paper has produced several television series, podcasts—including The Daily—and games through The New York Times Games. The New York Times has been involved in several controversies in its history. The Times maintains regional bureaus staffed with journalists on all six inhabited continents.
History
1851–1896
The New York Times was established in 1851 by New-York Tribune journalists Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones.[4] The Times experienced significant circulation, particularly among conservatives; New-York Tribune publisher Horace Greeley praised the New-York Daily Times.[5] During the American Civil War, Times correspondents gathered information directly from Confederate states.[6] In 1869, Jones inherited the paper from Raymond,[7] who had changed its name to The New-York Times.[8] Under Jones, the Times began to publish a series of articles criticizing Tammany Hall political boss William M. Tweed, despite vehement opposition from other New York newspapers.[9] In 1871, The New-York Times published Tammany Hall's accounting books; Tweed was tried in 1873 and sentenced to twelve years in prison. The Times earned national recognition for its coverage of Tweed.[10] In 1891, Jones died, creating a management imbroglio in which his children had insufficient business acumen to inherit the company and his will prevented an acquisition of the Times.[11] Editor-in-chief Charles Ransom Miller, editorial editor Edward Cary, and correspondent George F. Spinney established a company to manage The New-York Times,[12] but faced financial difficulties during the Panic of 1893.[13]
1896–1945
In August 1896, Chattanooga Times publisher Adolph Ochs acquired The New-York Times, implementing significant alterations to the newspaper's structure. Ochs established the Times as a merchant's newspaper and removed the hyphen from the newspaper's name.[14] In 1905, The New York Times opened Times Tower, marking expansion.[15] The Times experienced a political realignment in the 1910s amid several disagreements within the Republican Party.[16] The New York Times reported on the sinking of the Titanic, as other newspapers were cautious about bulletins circulated by the Associated Press.[17] Through managing editor Carr Van Anda, the Times focused on scientific advancements, reporting on Albert Einstein's then-unknown theory of general relativity and becoming involved in the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun.[18] In April 1935, Ochs died, leaving his son-in-law Arthur Hays Sulzberger as publisher.[19] The Great Depression forced Sulzberger to reduce The New York Times's operations,[20] and developments in the New York newspaper landscape resulted in the formation of larger newspapers, such as the New York Herald Tribune and the New York World-Telegram.[21] In contrast to Ochs, Sulzberger encouraged wirephotography.[22]
The New York Times extensively covered World War II through large headlines,[23] reporting on exclusive stories such as the Yugoslav coup d'état.[24] Amid the war, Sulzberger began expanding the Times's operations further, acquiring WQXR-FM in 1944—the first non-Times investment since the Jones era—and established a fashion show in Times Hall. Despite reductions as a result of conscription, The New York Times retained the largest journalism staff of any newspaper.[25] The Times's print edition became available internationally during the war through the Army & Air Force Exchange Service; The New York Times Overseas Weekly later became available in Japan through The Asahi Shimbun and in Germany through the Frankfurter Zeitung. The international edition would develop into a separate newspaper.[26] Journalist William L. Laurence publicized the atomic bomb race between the United States and Germany, resulting in the Federal Bureau of Investigation seizing copies of the Times. The United States government recruited Laurence to document the Manhattan Project in April 1945.[27] Laurence became the only witness of the Manhattan Project, a detail realized by employees of The New York Times following the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.[28]
1945–1998
Following World War II, The New York Times continued to expand.[29] The Times was subject to investigations from the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, a McCarthyist subcommittee that investigated purported communism from within press institutions. Arthur Hays Sulzberger's decision to dismiss a copyreader who plead the Fifth Amendment drew ire from within the Times and from external organizations.[30] In April 1961, Sulzberger resigned, appointing his son-in-law, The New York Times Company president Orvil Dryfoos.[31] Under Dryfoos, The New York Times established a newspaper based in Los Angeles.[32] In 1962, the implementation of automated printing presses in response to increasing costs mounted fears over technological unemployment. The New York Typographical Union staged a strike in December, altering the media consumption of New Yorkers. The strike left New York with three remaining newspapers—the Times, the Daily News, and the New York Post—by its conclusion in March 1963.[33] In May, Dryfoos died of a heart ailment.[34] Following weeks of ambiguity, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger became The New York Times's publisher.[35]
Technological advancements leveraged by newspapers such as the Los Angeles Times and improvements in coverage from The Washington Post and The Wall Street Journal necessitated adaptations to nascent computing.[36] The New York Times published "Heed Their Rising Voices" in 1960, a full-page advertisement purchased by supporters of Martin Luther King Jr. criticizing law enforcement in Montgomery, Alabama for their response to the civil rights movement. Montgomery Public Safety commissioner L. B. Sullivan sued the Times for defamation. In New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the verdict in Alabama county court and the Supreme Court of Alabama violated the First Amendment.[37] The decision is considered to be landmark.[38] After financial losses, The New York Times ended its international edition, acquiring a stake in the Paris Herald Tribune, forming the International Herald Tribune.[39] The Times initially published the Pentagon Papers, facing opposition from then-president Richard Nixon. The Supreme Court ruled in The New York Times's favor in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971), allowing the Times and The Washington Post to publish the papers.[40]
The New York Times remained cautious in its initial coverage of the Watergate scandal.[41] As Congress began investigating the scandal, the Times furthered its coverage,[42] publishing details on the Huston Plan, alleged wiretapping of reporters and officials,[43] and testimony from James W. McCord Jr. that the Committee for the Re-Election of the President paid the conspirators off.[44] The exodus of readers to suburban New York newspapers, such as Newsday and Gannett papers, adversely affected The New York Times's circulation.[45] Contemporary newspapers balked at additional sections; Time devoted a cover for its criticism and New York wrote that the Times was engaging in "middle-class self-absorption".[46] The New York Times, the Daily News, and the New York Post were the subject of a strike in 1978,[47] allowing emerging newspapers to leverage halted coverage.[48] The Times deliberately avoided coverage of the AIDS epidemic, running its first front-page article in May 1983. Max Frankel's editorial coverage of the epidemic, with mentions of anal intercourse, contrasted with then-executive editor A. M. Rosenthal's puritan approach, intentionally avoiding descriptions of the luridity of gay venues.[49]
Following years of waning interest in The New York Times, Sulzberger resigned in January 1992, appointing his son, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., as publisher.[50] The Internet represented a generational shift within the Times; Sulzberger, who negotiated The New York Times Company's acquisition of The Boston Globe in 1993, derided the Internet, while his son expressed antithetical views. @times appeared on America Online's website in May 1994 as an extension of The New York Times, featuring news articles, film reviews, sports news, and business articles.[51] Despite opposition, several employees of the Times had begun to access the Internet.[52] The online success of publications that traditionally co-existed with the Times—such as America Online, Yahoo, and CNN—and the expansion of websites such as Monster.com and Craigslist that threatened The New York Times's classified advertisement model increased efforts to develop a website.[53] nytimes.com debuted on January 19 and was formally announced three days later.[54] The Times published domestic terrorist Ted Kaczynski's essay Industrial Society and Its Future in 1995, contributing to his arrest after his brother David recognized the essay's penmanship.[55]
1998–present
Following the establishment of nytimes.com, The New York Times retained its journalistic hesitancy under executive editor Joseph Lelyveld, refusing to publish an article reporting on the Clinton–Lewinsky scandal from Drudge Report. nytimes.com editors conflicted with print editors on several occasions, including wrongfully naming security guard Richard Jewell as the suspect in the Centennial Olympic Park bombing and covering the death of Diana, Princess of Wales in greater detail than the print edition.[56] The New York Times Electronic Media Company was adversely affected by the dot-com crash.[57] The Times extensively covered the September 11 attacks. The following day's print issue contained sixty-six articles,[58] the work of over three hundred dispatched reporters.[59] Journalist Judith Miller was the recipient of a package containing a white powder during the 2001 anthrax attacks, furthering anxiety within The New York Times.[60] In September 2002, Miller and military correspondent Michael R. Gordon wrote an article for the Times claiming that Iraq had purchased aluminum tubes. The article was cited by then-president George W. Bush to claim that Iraq was constructing weapons of mass destruction; the theoretical use of aluminum tubes to produce nuclear material was subject of debate.[61] In March 2003, the United States invaded Iraq, beginning the Iraq War.[62]
The New York Times attracted controversy after thirty-six articles[63] from journalist Jayson Blair were discovered to be plagiarized.[64] Criticism over then-executive editor Howell Raines and then-managing editor Gerald M. Boyd mounted following the scandal, culminating in a town hall in which a deputy editor criticized Raines for failing to question Blair's sources in article he wrote on the D.C. sniper attacks.[65] In June 2003, Raines and Boyd resigned.[66] Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. appointed Bill Keller as executive editor.[67] Miller continued to report on the Iraq War as a journalistic embed covering the country's weapons of mass destruction program. Keller and then-Washington bureau chief Jill Abramson unsuccessfully attempted to subside criticism. Conservative media criticized the Times over its coverage of missing explosives from the Al Qa'qaa weapons facility.[68] An article in December 2005 disclosing warrantless surveillance by the National Security Agency contributed to further criticism from the George W. Bush administration and the Senate's refusal to renew the Patriot Act.[69] In the Plame affair, a Central Intelligence Agency inquiry found that Miller had become aware of Valerie Plame's identity through then-vice president Dick Cheney's chief of staff Scooter Libby, resulting in Miller's resignation.[70]
During the Great Recession, The New York Times suffered significant fiscal difficulties as a consequence of the subprime mortgage crisis and a decline in classified advertising.[71] Exacerbated by Rupert Murdoch's revitalization of The Wall Street Journal through his acquisition of Dow Jones & Company, The New York Times Company began enacting measures to reduce the newsroom budget. The company was forced to borrow US$250 million (equivalent to $353,786,707.88 in 2023) from Mexican billionaire Carlos Slim and fired over one hundred employees by 2010.[72] nytimes.com's coverage of the Eliot Spitzer prostitution scandal, resulting in the resignation of then-New York governor Eliot Spitzer, furthered the legitimacy of the website as a journalistic medium.[73] The Times's economic downturn renewed discussions of an online paywall;[74] The New York Times implemented a paywall in March 2011.[75] Abramson succeeded Keller,[76] continuing her characteristic investigations into corporate and government malfeasance into the Times's coverage.[77] Following conflicts with newly appointed chief executive Mark Thompson's ambitions,[78] Abramson was dismissed by Sulzberger Jr., who named Dean Baquet as her replacement.[79]
Leading up to the 2016 presidential election, The New York Times elevated the Hillary Clinton email controversy[80] and the Uranium One controversy;[81] national security correspondent Michael S. Schmidt initially wrote an article in March 2015 stating that Hillary Clinton had used a private email server as secretary of state.[82] Donald Trump's upset victory contributed to an increase in subscriptions to the Times.[83] The New York Times experienced unprecedented indignation from Trump, who referred to publications such as the Times as "enemies of the people" at the Conservative Political Action Conference and tweeting his disdain for the newspaper and CNN.[84] In October 2017, The New York Times published an article by journalists Jodi Kantor and Megan Twohey alleging that dozens of women had accused film producer and The Weinstein Company co-chairman Harvey Weinstein of sexual misconduct.[85] The investigation resulted in Weinstein's resignation and conviction,[86] precipitated the Weinstein effect,[87] and served as a catalyst for the #MeToo movement.[88] The New York Times Company vacated the public editor position[89] and eliminated the copy desk in November.[90] Sulzberger Jr. announced his resignation in December 2017, appointing his son, A. G. Sulzberger, as publisher.[91]
Trump's relationship—equally diplomatic and negative—marked Sulzberger's tenure.[92] In September 2018, The New York Times published "I Am Part of the Resistance Inside the Trump Administration", an anonymous essay by a self-described Trump administration official later revealed to be Department of Homeland Security chief of staff Miles Taylor.[93] The animosity—which extended to nearly three hundred instances of Trump disparaging the Times by May 2019—[94] culminated in Trump informing federal agencies to cancel their subscriptions to The New York Times and The Washington Post in October 2019.[95] Trump's tax returns have been the subject of three separate investigations.[c] During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Times began implementing data services and graphs.[99] On May 23, 2020, The New York Times's front page solely featured U.S. Deaths Near 100,000, An Incalculable Loss, a subset of the 100,000 people in the United States who died of COVID-19, the first time that the Times's front page lacked images since they were introduced.[100] Since 2020, The New York Times has focused on broader diversification, developing online games and producing television series.[101] The New York Times Company acquired The Athletic in January 2022.[102]
Organization
Management
.jpg)
Since 1896, The New York Times has been published by the Ochs-Sulzberger family, having previously been published by Henry Jarvis Raymond until 1869[103] and by George Jones until 1896.[104] Adolph Ochs published the Times until his death in 1935,[105] when he was succeeded by his son-in-law, Arthur Hays Sulzberger. Sulzberger was publisher until 1961[106] and was succeeded by Orvil Dryfoos, his son-in-law, who served in the position until his death in 1963.[107] Arthur Ochs Sulzberger succeeded Dryfoos until his resignation in 1992.[108] His son, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., served as publisher until 2018. The New York Times's current publisher is A. G. Sulzberger, Sulzberger Jr.'s son.[91] As of 2023, the Times's executive editor is Joseph Kahn[109] and the paper's managing editors are Marc Lacey and Carolyn Ryan, having been appointed in June 2022.[110] The New York Times's deputy managing editors are Sam Dolnick,[111] Monica Drake,[112] and Steve Duenes,[113] and the paper's assistant managing editors are Matthew Ericson,[114] Jonathan Galinsky, Hannah Poferl, Sam Sifton, Karron Skog,[115] and Michael Slackman.[116]
The New York Times is owned by The New York Times Company, a publicly traded company. The New York Times Company, in addition to the Times, owns Wirecutter, The Athletic, The New York Times Cooking, and The New York Times Games, and acquired Serial Productions and Audm. The New York Times Company holds undisclosed minority investments in multiple other businesses, and formerly owned The Boston Globe and several radio and television stations.[117] The New York Times Company is majority-owned by the Ochs-Sulzberger family through elevated shares in the company's dual-class stock structure held largely in a trust, in effect since the 1950s;[118] as of 2022, the family holds ninety-five percent of The New York Times Company's Class B shares, allowing it to elect seventy percent of the company's board of directors.[119] Class A shareholders have restrictive voting rights.[120] As of 2023, The New York Times Company's chief executive is Meredith Kopit Levien, the company's former chief operating officer who was appointed in September 2020.[121]
Journalists
As of March 2023, The New York Times Company employs 5,800 individuals,[101] including 1,700 journalists according to deputy managing editor Sam Dolnick.[122] Journalists for The New York Times may not run for public office, provide financial support to political candidates or causes, endorse candidates, or demonstrate public support for causes or movements.[123] Journalists are subject to the guidelines established in "Ethical Journalism" and "Guidelines on Integrity".[124] According to the former, Times journalists must abstain from using sources with a personal relationship to them and must not accept reimbursements or inducements from individuals who may be written about in The New York Times, with exceptions for gifts of nominal value.[125] The latter requires attribution and exact quotations, though exceptions are made for linguistic anomalies. Staff writers are expected to ensure the veracity of all written claims, but may delegate researching obscure facts to the research desk.[126] In March 2021, the Times established a committee to avoid journalistic conflicts of interest with work written for The New York Times, following columnist David Brooks's resignation from the Aspen Institute for his undisclosed work on the initiative Weave.[127]
