Tati
Tâti تاتی زبون
Tati written in Nastaliq script (تاتی)
Native to	Iran
Ethnicity	Tats
Native speakers	410,000 Takestani speakers (2021)[1] 36,000 Harzandi speakers (2021)[1]
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Iranian Western Northwestern II Old Azeri[2] Tatic Tati
Writing system	Persian alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Variously: tks – Takestani/Khalkhal xkc – Kho'ini hrz – Harzandi rdb – Rudbari esh – Eshtehardi tov – Taromi xkp – Kabatei
Glottolog	khoi1250  Kho'ini rama1272  Takestani/Eshtehardi taro1267  Taromi/Kabatei rudb1238  Rudbari harz1239  Harzani-Kilit
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The Tati language (Tati: تاتی زبون, Tâti Zobun)^[3] is a Northwestern Iranian language spoken by the Tat people of Iran which is closely related to other languages such as Talysh, Zaza,^[4][5] Mazandarani and Gilaki.

Some sources use the term Old Azeri to refer to the Tati language as it was spoken in the region before the spread of Turkic languages, and is now only spoken by different rural communities in Iranian Azerbaijan (such as villages in Harzanabad area, villages around Khalkhal and Ardabil), and also in Zanjan and Qazvin provinces.^[6][7][8] Alongside with Tati dialects, Old Azeri is known to have strong affinities with Talysh and Zaza language. Tati, Zaza and Talysh are considered to be remnants of old Azeri.^[9][10] Harzandi dialect that thought to be descendant of the Old Azeri language was positioned between the Talysh and Zaza.^[11]

In any language, roots and verb affixes constitute the most basic and important components of a language. The root is an element included in all the words of a lexical family and carries the basic meaning of those lexical items. A verb affix is an element added to the root to form a new meaning. In many new Iranian languages, verb affixes have been left almost unnoticed, and it will be possible, by the act of deriving roots, to clear up most of their structural and semantic ambiguities. Unlike the root, verb affixes can be easily identified and described. In many languages, verb affixes act as the base of verb formation and are often derived from a limited number of roots. Tati, Talysh, Mazandarani and Gilaki languages belong to North-western Iranian languages currently spoken along the coast of Caspian Sea. These languages which enjoy many old linguistic elements have not been duly studied from a linguistic perspective.^{[12][original research?]}

In the field of phonetics Tati is similar to the rest of the north-western Iranian languages: it is distinguished by the persistence of Iranian *z, *s, *y-, * v- against the south-western d, h, j-, b-; development /ʒ/ < * j, */t͡ʃ/ against the south-west z, and the preservation of intervocalic and postvocalic *r and even, for a number of dialects, development rhotacism.

In the field of morphology, Tati is less analytical in structure than the south-western Iranian languages. Having lost the ancient foundations of classes and verb, tati preserved case (two case: direct, or subjective, and oblique). It has a grammatical gender feature in many dialects and exhibits two genders^{[13][14][15][16]} just like the Zaza.^[17]

Tati is, like Zaza of the same linguistic branch,^[17] an ergative language, i.e. "with transitive verbs the subject/agent of the verb is expressed by the direct case in the present tenses, but by the oblique in the past tenses, whereas the direct object/patient in the present tenses is expressed by the oblique, but by the direct in the past".^[18]
Khalkhali is one of the Tati dialects spoken in Shahrood and Xorsh-rostam districts of Khalkhal. Khalkhali Tati is distinguished from other dialects producing ergative structures, because of the adherence of verb to semantic object, in number, person and specially in gender. Meanwhile, according to some evidence in this dialect, apart from past transitive verbs, some intransitive verbs are influenced by the ergative structure.^[19]

The phonology is based on the Southern Tati dialects:^[20]

The following sounds /r, v, q/ may allophonically range to the sounds .

The vowel sound for /e/ is recognized as two sounds , and allophonically as .

In the Chali dialect, the /o/ phoneme is only realized as a diphthong , whereas in Takestani, it is only recognized as ranging from .^[20]

Tati has four main dialects:

1. South of Qazvin province (Tākestāni, Eshtehārdi, Chāli, Dānesfāni, Esfarvarini, Ebrāhim-ābādi, Sagz-ābādi)
2. Ardabil province (Khalkhāli)
3. Alborz mountains range (Damāvandi). This dialect was, probably, used to be spoken around the northern part of Tehran City.
4. North Khorasan province (Khorāsāni)

Other Tati dialects are Vafsi, Harzandi, Kho'ini, and Kiliti Eshtehardi.

Vafsi is a dialect of Tati language spoken in the Vafs village and surrounding area in the Markazi province of Iran. The dialects of the Tafresh region share many features with the Central Plateau dialects; however, their lexical inventory has many items in common with the Talysh subgroup.

Vafsi has six short vowel phonemes, five long vowel phonemes and two nasal vowel phonemes. The consonant inventory is basically the same as in Persian. Nouns are inflected for gender (masculine, feminine), number (singular, plural) and case (direct, oblique).

The oblique case marks the possessor (preceding the head noun), the definite direct object, nouns governed by a preposition, and the subject of transitive verbs in the past tense. Personal pronouns are inflected for number (singular, plural) and case (direct, oblique). A set of enclitic pronouns is used to indicate the agent of transitive verbs in the past tenses. Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Takestani_language
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