Nafusi

Nafusi
Nafusi
Ažbali; Mazoɣ / Maziɣ (Nafusi)
Native to	Libya
Region	Nafusa Mountains
Native speakers	300,000 (2020)
Language family	Afro-Asiatic Berber Northern Zenati Eastern Nafusi; ; ; ; ;
Dialects	Jerbi; Zuwara; Tamezret;
Writing system	Arabic script
Language codes
ISO 639-3	jbn
Glottolog	nafu1238

Nafusi (also spelt Nefusi; in Nafusi: Ažbali / Maziɣ / Mazoɣ or Tanfust) is a Berber language spoken in the Nafusa Mountains (Adrar 'n Infusen), a large area in northwestern Libya. Its primary speakers are the Ibadi communities around Jadu, Nalut (Lalut) and Yafran.^[3]

The dialect of Yefren in the east differs somewhat from that of Nalut and Jadu in the west.^[4] A number of Old Nafusi phrases appear in Ibadite manuscripts as early as the 12th century.^[5]^[6]

The dialect of Jadu is described in some detail in Beguinot (1931).^[7] Motylinski (1898) describes the dialect of Jadu and Nalut as spoken by a student from Yefren.^[8]

Nafusi shares several innovations with the Zenati languages, but unlike these other Berber varieties it maintains prefix vowels before open syllables. For example, ufəs "hand" < *afus, rather than Zenati fus. It appears especially closely related to Sokni and Siwi to its east.^[9]

Phonology

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
Mid	ɛ	ə	ɔ
Low		a

Vowels may also be shortened /ĭ, ɛ̆, ă, ɔ̆, ŭ/ or lengthened as /iː, ɛː, aː, ɔː, uː/.

/a/ can also be heard as and /u/ as in different environments.^[10]

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar		Post-alv./ Palatal		Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
		Labial	plain	phar.	plain	phar.	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless		t	tˤ			k	q		ʔ
Plosive	voiced	b	d	dˤ			g
Affricate	voiceless		ts		tʃ
Affricate	voiced		dz	dzˤ	dʒ
Fricative	voiceless	f	s	sˤ	ʃ			χ	ħ	h
Fricative	voiced		z	zˤ	ʒ	ʒˤ		ʁ	ʕ
Nasal		m	n
Lateral			l	ɫ
Trill			r	rˤ
Approximant		w			j

References

^ Provasi (1973:503)
^ Beguinot (1931:220)
^ ^a ^b Nafusi at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)
^ Beguinot (1931:VIII)
^ Lewicki (1934:277)
^ Basset (1934:298)
^ Beguinot (1931)
^ de Calassanti-Motylinski (1898:1)
^ Kossmann (1999:29–33)
^ Di Tolla & Shinnib (2020)

Works Cited

Basset, André (1934). "Note additionnelle". Revue des études islamiques. VIII.
Beguinot, F. (1931). Il berbero Nefûsi di Fassâṭo. Grammatica. Testi raccolti dalla viva voce. Vocabolarietti. Roma: Istituto per l'Oriente.
de Calassanti-Motylinski, A. (1898). Le Djebel Nefousa: transcription, traduction française et notes, avec une étude grammaticale. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
Di Tolla, Anna Maria; Shinnib, Mohamed (2020). Grammatica di berbero nefusi. Ulrico Hoepli Editore. ISBN 9788820391836.
Kossmann, Maarten (1999). Essai sur la phonologie du proto-berbère. Köln: Köppe. ISBN 9783896450357.
Lewicki, Tadeusz (1934). "De quelques textes inédits en vieux berbère provenant d'une chronique ibāḍite anonyme". Revue des études islamiques. VIII.
Provasi, Elio (1973). "Testi berberi di Žâdo (Tripolitania)". Annali dell'Istituto Orientale di Napoli (23): 503.

External links

Nafusi Swadesh List

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[1] Provasi (1973:503)

[2] Beguinot (1931:220)

[e27-3] Nafusi at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)

[4] Beguinot (1931:VIII)

[5] Lewicki (1934:277)

[6] Basset (1934:298)

[7] Beguinot (1931)

[8] Calassanti-Motylinski (1898:1)

[9] Kossmann (1999:29–33)

[10] Di Tolla & Shinnib (2020)

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v t e Languages of Libya
Official language	Arabic Standard Libyan dialect
Minority languages	Berber Awjilah Ghadamès Nafusi Sawknah Tamahaq Tamasheq Zuwara Domari Tebu Tedaga
Foreign languages	English Italian
Sign languages	Libyan Sign Language

Nafusi
Ažbali;^[1] Mazoɣ / Maziɣ^[2] (Nafusi)
Native to	Libya
Region	Nafusa Mountains
Native speakers	300,000 (2020)^[3]
Language family	Afro-Asiatic Berber Northern Zenati Eastern Nafusi
Dialects	Jerbi Zuwara Tamezret
Writing system	Arabic script
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`jbn`
Glottolog	`nafu1238`