A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
 | This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: Second wave of COVID-19 in 2021. (April 2021) |
| COVID-19 lockdown in India | |
|---|---|
 Barricaded streets in Bhopal during the April 2020 lockdown | |
| Date | Nationwide lockdown:
Unlock:
|
| Location | |
| Caused by | COVID-19 pandemic in India |
| Goals | To prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. |
| Methods |
|
| Status | Completely lifted |
On the evening of 24 March 2020, the Government of India ordered a nationwide lockdown for 21 days, limiting the movement of the entire 1.38 billion (138 crores) population of India as a preventive measure against the COVID-19 pandemic in India.[1] It was ordered after a 14-hour voluntary public curfew on 22 March, followed by enforcement of a series of regulations in COVID-19 affected countries.[2][3] The lockdown was placed when the number of confirmed positive coronavirus cases in India was approximately 500.[1] Upon its announcement, a mass movement of people across the country was described as the largest since the partition of India in 1947.[4] Observers stated that the lockdown had slowed the growth rate of the pandemic by 6 April to a rate of doubling every six days,[5] and by 18 April, to a rate of doubling every eight days.[6] As the end of the first lockdown period approached, state governments and other advisory committees recommended extending the lockdown.[7] The governments of Odisha and Punjab extended the state lockdowns to 1 May.[8] Maharashtra, Karnataka, West Bengal, and Telangana followed suit.[9][10] On 14 April, Prime minister Narendra Modi extended the nationwide lockdown until 3 May, on the written recommendation of governors and lieutenant governors of all the states, with conditional relaxations after 20 April for the regions where the spread had been contained or was minimal.[11]
On 1 May, the Government of India extended the nationwide lockdown further by two weeks until 17 May. The Government divided all the districts into three zones based on the spread of the virus—green, red, and orange—with relaxations applied accordingly.[12] On 17 May, the lockdown was further extended until 31 May by the National Disaster Management Authority.[13]
On 30 May, it was announced that lockdown restrictions were to be lifted from then onwards, while the lockdown would be further extended until 30 June for only the containment zones. Services would be resumed in a phased manner starting from 8 June. It was termed as "Unlock 1.0".[14] Modi later clarified that the lockdown phase in the country was over and that 'unlock' had already begun.[15]
The second phase of unlock, Unlock 2.0, was announced for the period of 1 to 31 July, with more ease in restrictions.[16] Unlock 3.0 was announced for August.[17] Similarly, Unlock 4.0 was announced for September[18] and Unlock 5.0 for the month of October.[19] In the same way, Unlock 6.0 was announced for the month of November,[20] Unlock 7.0 was announced for the month of December.[21]
In 2021, due to the largest wave of infection in the country, several state governments, including Uttar Pradesh,[22] and Delhi,[23] announced complete lockdowns in April 2021.
Background
The Government of India confirmed India's first case of COVID-19 on 30 January 2020 in the state of Kerala, when a university student from Wuhan travelled back to the state.[24] As the number of confirmed COVID-19 -positive cases approached 500, Modi on 19 March, asked all citizens to observe the 'Janata Curfew' (people's curfew) on Sunday, 22 March.[25] At the end of the curfew, Modi stated: "Janata Curfew is just the beginning of a long battle against COVID-19". Following this, while addressing the nation for the second time on 24 March, he announced the nationwide lockdown from midnight of that day, for a period of 21 days.[26] He said that the only solution to control the spread of coronavirus was to break the cycle of transmission through social distancing.[27] He also added that the lockdown would be enforced more strictly than the Janata Curfew.[28]
Janata Curfew
The Janata Curfew (transl. People's curfew) was a 14-hour curfew on 22 March 2020 initiated by Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India (from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m.).[29] Every person was asked to obey the curfew, with exceptions for people of "essential services" such as police, medical services, media, home delivery professionals, and firefighters. At 5 p.m. that day, all citizens were asked to stand in their doorways, balconies, or windows, and clap their hands or ring their bells in appreciation for the professionals delivering these essential services.[30] People belonging to National Cadet Corps and National Service Scheme were to enforce the curfew in the country.[31] The Prime Minister also urged the youth to inform 10 others about Janata Curfew and encourage everyone to observe the curfew.[31]
| Part of a series on the |
| COVID-19 pandemic |
|---|
 |
|
.svg){kind=small} COVID-19 portal |
The lockdown restricted people from stepping out of their homes.[28] All transport services–road, air and rail–were suspended, with exceptions for transportation of essential goods, fire, police and emergency services.[32] Educational institutions, industrial establishments and hospitality services were also suspended.[32] Services such as food shops, banks and ATMs, petrol pumps, other essentials and their manufacturing are exempted.[33] The Home Ministry stated that anyone who fails to follow the restrictions can face up to a year in jail.[32]
Relaxations
From 4 May 2020, the lockdown was eased with several relaxations in all zones per Ministry of Home Affair's guidelines.[34]
| Activities permitted and restricted in each zone (4 – 17 May 2020) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Activity | Allowed in zone ( / )
| ||
| Red | Orange | Green | |
| Railway and Metro services | 
|
|
|
| Educational institutions |
|
|
|
| Cinema halls, malls, etc. |
|
|
|
| Public gatherings and such events |
|
|
|
| Places of worship |
|
|
|
| Non-essential movement between 7 p.m. to 7 a.m. |
|
|
|
| Inter/intra-district buses with 50% capacity |
|
|
|
| Taxis with 1 driver and 2 passengers |
|
|
|
| Shops/e-commerce dealing essential goods |
|
|
|
| Private offices with 33% capacity |
|
|
|
| Two-wheelers without pillion rider |
|
|
|
| Four-wheelers with 1 driver and 2 passengers |
|
|
|
| Inter-state movement of goods |
|
|
|
As part of Unlock 2.0 in July, most activities are permitted outside of containment zones, except educational institutions, international air travel, places of recreation (swimming pools, gymnasiums, theatres, entertainment parks, bars, auditoriums, and assembly halls), and large gatherings of any kind.[35]
One of the major development was around the re-opening of wine shops. As per the guidelines of issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs, wine shops were allowed to re-open, however, people were asked to follow the protocols of social distancing and as well as wearing a mask.[36] But in effect, things panned out to be utterly chaotic as long queues gathered outside wine shops from as early as 7 am.[37][38]
This led to State Governments and Municipal Corporations deciding to shut down wine shops again in some places. (e.g. - Mumbai).[39] While some states decided to 'discourage alcohol consumption' by levying special taxes on alcohol. Delhi imposed 70% 'Special Corona Fees'.[40] Andhra Pradesh increased the prices by 75%.[41] Tamil Nadu hiked the excise duty on Indian Made Foreign Alcohol by 15%.[42]
Delhi also came up with a system of e-token to avoid long queues outside wine shops.[43] This also lead to the online sale of alcohol in some states that were previously prohibited.[44]
Timeline
Lockdown in 2020
Phase 1 (24 March – 25 April)
On 24 March, the first day of the lockdown, nearly all services and factories were suspended.[45] People were hurrying to stock essentials in some parts.[46] Arrests across the states were made for violating norms of lockdown such as venturing out for no emergency, opening businesses, and also home quarantine violations.[47] The government held meetings with e-commerce websites and vendors to ensure a seamless supply of essential goods across the nation during the lockdown period.[47] Several states announced relief funds for the poor and affected people[47] while the central government was finalizing a stimulus package.[48]
On 26 March, finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced a ₹170,000 crore (US$20 billion) stimulus package to help those affected by the lockdown.[49] The package was aimed to provide food security measures for poor households through direct cash transfers, free cereal, and cooking gas for three months.[50] It also provided insurance coverage for medical personnel.[49]
On 27 March, the Reserve Bank of India announced a slew of measures to help mitigate the economic impacts of the lockdown.[51]
Prior to the announcement of the nationwide lockdown, on 22 March, the government had announced that the Indian Railways would suspend passenger operations through 31 March.[citation needed] The national rail network has maintained its freight operations during the lockdown, to transport essential goods.[52] On 29 March, the Indian Railways announced that it would start services for special parcel trains to transport essential goods, in addition to the regular freight service.[53] The national rail operator also announced plans to convert coaches into isolation wards for patients with COVID-19.[54] This has been described as the first time in 167 years that India's rail network had been suspended,[55] although there was also a strike in 1974.[56]
On 5 April, citizens all over India cheered and showed solidarity with the health workers, police, and all those fighting the disease by switching off the electric lights at home for 9 minutes from 9:00 p.m. to 9:09 p.m. and observed lighting diya, candle; and flashing torchlight and mobile flashlight.[57][58]
As the end of the initial lockdown period came near, many state governments expressed their decision to extend it until the end of April. Among them were Odisha,[59] Punjab,[60] Maharashtra,[61] Karnataka with some relaxations,[9] West Bengal and Telangana.[10]
Towards the end of the initial period, the rate of growth of COVID infections in India had significantly slowed, from a rate of doubling every three days before the lockdown to one of doubling every eight days on 18 April.[6]
Phase 2 (15 April – 3 May)
On 14 April, PM Modi extended the nationwide lockdown until 3 May, with a conditional relaxation promised after 20 April for the regions where the spread had been contained by then.[11] He said that every town, every police station area and every state would be carefully evaluated to see if it had contained the spread. The areas that were able to do so would be released from the lockdown on 20 April. If any new cases emerged in those areas, the lockdown could be reimposed.[62]
On 16 April, lockdown areas were classified as "red zone", indicating the presence of infection hotspots, "orange zone" indicating some infection, and "green zone" with no infections.[63]
The government also announced certain relaxations from 20 April, allowing agricultural businesses, including dairy, aquaculture, and plantations, as well as shops selling farming supplies, to open. Public works programmes were also allowed to reopen with instructions to maintain social distancing. Cargo vehicles, including trucks, trains, and planes, would run. Banks and government centres distributing benefits would open as well.[64]
On 25 April, small retail shops were allowed to open with half the staff. Again social distancing norms were to be followed.[65]
On 29 April, The Ministry of Home Affairs issued guidelines for the states to allow inter-state movement of the stranded persons. States have been asked to designate nodal authorities and form protocols to receive and send such persons. States have also been asked to screen the people, quarantine them, and do periodic health checkups.[66]
Phase 3 (4–17 May)
On 1 May, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and the Government of India (GoI) further extended the lockdown period to two weeks beyond 4 May, with some relaxations.[67][68] The country has been split into 3 zones: red zones (130 districts), orange zones (284 districts), and green zones (320 districts).[69] Red zones are those with high coronavirus cases and a high doubling rate, orange zones are those with comparatively fewer cases than red zone and green zones are those without any cases in the past 21 days. Normal movement is permitted in green zones with buses limited to 50 percent capacity. Orange zones would allow only private and hired vehicles but no public transportation. The red zones would remain under lockdown. The zone classification would be revised once a week.[70]
Phase 4 (18–31 May)
On 17 May, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) extended the lockdown for a period of two weeks beyond 18 May, with additional relaxations. Unlike the previous extensions, states were given a larger say in the demarcation of Green, Orange, and Red zones and the implementation roadmap. Red zones were further divided into containment and buffer zones. The local bodies were given the authority to demarcate containment and buffer zones.[71][72][73]
Unlock
Unlock 1.0 (1–30 June)
The MHA issued fresh guidelines for June, stating that the phases of reopening would "have an economic focus". Lockdown restrictions were only to be imposed in containment zones, while activities were permitted in other zones in a phased manner. This first phase of reopening was termed "Unlock 1.0"[14] and permitted shopping malls, religious places, hotels, and restaurants to reopen from 8 June. Large gatherings were still banned,[74] but there were no restrictions on interstate travel. Night curfews were in effect from 9 p.m. to 5 a.m. in all areas and state governments were allowed to impose suitable restrictions on all activities.[75]
In future phases of reopening, further activities are to be permitted. In Phase II, all educational institutions are scheduled to reopen in July, pending consultations with state governments. In Phase III, easing of restrictions on international air travel, operation of metros, and recreational activities (swimming pools, gymnasiums, theatres, entertainment parks, bars, auditoriums, and assembly halls) would be decided upon in August.[74]
Unlock 2.0 (1–31 July)
Phase II of Unlock began on 1 July under the guidelines and instructions of the MHA and the NDMA. Lockdown measures were only imposed in containment zones. In all other areas, most activities were permitted. Night curfews were in effect from 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. in all areas. State governments were allowed to put suitable restrictions on all activities, but state borders remained open to all. Inter- and intrastate travel was permitted. Limited international travel was permitted as part of the Vande Bharat Mission. Shops were permitted to allow more than five persons at a time. Educational institutions, metros, recreational activities remained closed until 31 July. Only essential activities were permitted in containment zones while maintaining strict parameter control and "intensive contact tracing, house-to-house surveillance, and other clinical interventions". Further guidelines regarding usage of Aarogya Setu and masks were reiterated.[16]
Unlock 3.0 (1–31 August)
Unlock 3.0 for August 2020 removed night curfews and permitted gymnasiums and yoga centres to reopen from 5 August. Educational institutions would remain closed until 31 August. All inter-and intrastate travel and transportation are permitted. Independence Day celebrations are permitted with social distancing.[17] Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu imposed a lockdown for the whole month, while West Bengal imposed lockdowns twice a week.[76]
Unlock 4.0 (1–30 September)
On 29 August 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued guidelines for activities permitted in Unlock 4.0. It said that "Lockdown shall remain in force in the Containment Zones until 30th September 2020".[77] Outside the containment zone, however, some activities were given permission. Metro was allowed to be reopened in a graded manner from 7 September.[77] Marriage functions with gatherings of up to 50 people and funeral/last rites ceremonies with up to 20 people were permitted.[77] Religious, entertainment, political, sports, academic functions and gatherings of up to 100 people were allowed.[77] Face masks were made compulsory in public places, workplaces and during transport.[77]
Unlock 5.0 (1–31 October)
On 30 September 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued guidelines for activities permitted in Unlock 5.0.[78] For schools it has a preference for online learning if possible, but States and Union Territories will be able to make those decisions from 15 October, in a graded manner. Lockdown shall remain in force strictly in the Containment Zones until 30 November 2020.[79] Also, swimming pools being used for training of sportsperson would be allowed to open.[78] Cinema halls, that had remained close all this while, could finally be opened from 15 October 2020, with a 50% of their seating capacity.[78] On 3 November the Government of Kerala opened its tourism sector by reopening hill stations, beaches, national park, and inter-state public transport movement[citation needed]
The Government Of India has decided to open all educational institutions by January 2021 including schools and colleges and universities across India. The Government of Kerala has decided to open its school from December 2020.[citation needed]
Unlock 6.0 (1–30 November)
On 27 October 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued guidelines for activities permitted in Unlock 6.0.[80][81][82] The Ministry of Home Affairs did not make any new changes to the existing Unlock 5.0 guidelines in its latest instructions for another set of unlocking and said that they would continue to be implemented in the month of November too.[83] Also, a handful of states have allowed opening up of more activities outside containment zones and announced partial reopening of schools.[84] Lockdown has been enforced time and again in spite of attempts to permanently move towards an unlock phase.[85] The government of India has extended the ban on scheduled international flights until January 31.[86]
Lockdown in 2021
 | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (July 2021) |
In February end 2021, India got hit by the largest COVID wave. It is cited that people started becoming careless, not wearing masks and not following social distancing, around November- April. This wave caused a rapid surge in cases and deaths. Cases started to rise by March 2021, resulting in state-wide lockdowns. In Maharashtra there were total 4 phases of lockdowns from April to June.[citation needed]
April 5–15 June 2021 (lockdown phase)
When cases rapidly increased in Maharashtra, CM Uddhav warned people on March 28, 2021, to imposed complete lockdown and night curfew was imposed. Schools and offices remained shut. On 4 April 2021 Maharashtra CM Uddhav Thackeray announced a lockdown until April 30. On 5 April 2021 everything began to close due to rise in COVID-19 second wave. Only online deliveries were free at this stage. Films like Sooryavanshi, Bunty Aur Babli 2 got postponed due to COVID-19's 2nd Wave.[citation needed]
Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=2020_coronavirus_lockdown_in_India
Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.
Antropológia
Aplikované vedy
Bibliometria
Dejiny vedy
Encyklopédie
Filozofia vedy
Forenzné vedy
Humanitné vedy
Knižničná veda
Kryogenika
Kryptológia
Kulturológia
Literárna veda
Medzidisciplinárne oblasti
Metódy kvantitatívnej analýzy
Metavedy
Metodika
Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative
Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších
podmienok.
Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky
použitia.
www.astronomia.sk | www.biologia.sk | www.botanika.sk | www.dejiny.sk | www.economy.sk | www.elektrotechnika.sk | www.estetika.sk | www.farmakologia.sk | www.filozofia.sk | Fyzika | www.futurologia.sk | www.genetika.sk | www.chemia.sk | www.lingvistika.sk | www.politologia.sk | www.psychologia.sk | www.sexuologia.sk | www.sociologia.sk | www.veda.sk I www.zoologia.sk