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List of monarchs of Persia
...
| Shah (King) of Iran (Persia) | |
|---|---|
 Lion and Sun Emblem of Imperial Persia/Iran | |
 | |
| Details | |
| Style | Shah Shahanshah |
| First monarch |
|
| Last monarch | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 1941–1979 (as Shah of Iran) |
| Formation | 671 BC |
| Abolition | 11 February 1979 |
| Residence | Apadana Tachara Palace of Darius Palace of Ardashir Taq Kasra Ālī Qāpū Palace Hasht Behesht Golestan Palace Sa'dabad Palace Niavaran Palace |
| Appointer | Hereditary |
| Pretender(s) | Reza Pahlavi |
This article lists the monarchs of Iran (Persia) from the establishment of the Medes around 678 BC until the deposition of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979.
Median Dynasty (671–549 BC)
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| Portrait | Name | Family relations | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median Kingdom (671 BC–549 BC) | ||||
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|
Deioces | 700–647 BC | First known ruler of Media | |
| Phraortes | Son of Deioces | 647–625 BC | ||
| Scythian rule (624–597 BC) | ||||
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|
Cyaxares | Son of Phraortes | 624–585 BC | The dynasty of the Median kings was known as the Cyaxarid dynasty, named after him or a pre-Deicoes king.[1] |
|
Astyages | Son of Cyaxares | 585–549 BC | Last king of the Medes |
Teispid Kingdom (c.705–559 BC)
| Portrait | Name | Family relations | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teispid dynasty (c.705–559 BC) | ||||
| Achaemenes | c.705 BC | First ruler of the Achaemenid kingdom | ||
| Teispes | Son of Achaemenes | c.640 BC | ||
|
Cyrus I | Son of Teispes | c.580 BC | |
| Cambyses I | Son of Cyrus I and father of Cyrus II | c.560 BC | ||
Achaemenid Empire (559–334/327 BC)
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| Portrait | Titles | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Family relations | Reign | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achaemenid dynasty (559–334/327 BC) | ||||||||
| The Great King, King of Kings, King of Anshan, King of Media, King of Babylon, King of Sumer and Akkad, King of the Four Corners of the World | Cyrus the Great | – | 600 BC | Son of Cambyses I king of Anshan and Mandana daughter of Astyages | 559–530 BC | 530 BC | King of Anshan from 559 BC. | |
|
The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt^ | Cambyses II | – | ? | Son of Cyrus the Great | 530–522 BC | 522 BC | Died while en route to put down a rebellion. |
|
The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt | Gaumata | Gaumata (?) | ? | Son of Cyrus the Great (possibly an imposter claiming to be Bardiya) | 522 BC | 522 BC | Killed by Persian aristocrats |
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|
The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt | Darius the Great | – | 550 BC | Son of Hystaspes | 522–486 BC | 486 BC | Pharaonic titulary: Horus: Menkhib Nswbty: Stutre[3] |
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|
The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt | Xerxes the Great | – | 519 BC | Son of Darius I | 485–465 BC | 465 BC | Typically assumed to be the King Ahaseurus of the Book of Esther based on name |
|
The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt | Artaxerxes I | Arses | ? | Son of Xerxes I | 465–424 BC | 424 BC | |
_(Cropped).jpg)
|
The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt | Xerxes II | Artaxerxes | ? | Son of Artaxerxes I | 424 BC | 424 BC | Only recognised in Persia itself, killed by Sogdianus |
_(Cropped).jpg)
|
The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt | ? | Sogdianus | ? | Son of Artaxerxes I | 424–423 BC | 423 BC | Only recognised in Persia and Elam, killed by Darius II |
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|
The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt | Darius II | Ochus | ? | Son of Artaxerxes I | 424–404 BC | 404 BC | |
|
The Great King, King of Kings | Artaxerxes II | Arsaces | ? | Son of Darius II | 404–358 BC | 358 BC | The King Ahasuerus of the Book of Esther according to traditional sources[4] |
|
The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt | Artaxerxes III | Ochus | ? | Son of Artaxerxes II | 358–338 BC | 338 BC | Killed |
|
The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt | Artaxerxes IV | Arses | ? | Son of Artaxerxes III | 338–336 BC | 336 BC | Killed |
| The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt | Darius III | Artashata | 380 BC | Son of Arsames son of Ostanes son of Darius II | 336–330 BC | 330 BC | Killed by Artaxerxes V | |
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|
The Great King, King of Kings | Artaxerxes V | Bessus | ? | Probably a descendant of Darius II | 330–329 BC | 329 BC | Killed by Alexander III |
Note: Ancient Persia is generally agreed to have ended with the collapse of the Achaemenid dynasty as a result of the Wars of Alexander the Great.
Macedonian Empire (336–306 BC)
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