This list of space telescopes (astronomical space observatories) is grouped by major frequency ranges: gamma ray, x-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave, and radio. Telescopes that work in multiple frequency bands are included in all of the appropriate sections. Space telescopes that collect particles, such as cosmic ray nuclei and/or electrons, as well as instruments that aim to detect gravitational waves, are also listed. Missions with specific targets within the Solar System (e.g., the Sun and its planets), are excluded; see List of Solar System probes for these, and List of Earth observation satellites for missions targeting Earth.

Two values are provided for the dimensions of the initial orbit. For telescopes in Earth orbit, the minimum and maximum altitude are given in kilometers. For telescopes in solar orbit, the minimum distance (periapsis) and the maximum distance (apoapsis) between the telescope and the center of mass of the Sun are given in astronomical units (AU).

Gamma ray

Gamma-ray telescopes collect and measure individual, high energy gamma rays from astrophysical sources. These are absorbed by the atmosphere, requiring that observations are done by high-altitude balloons or space missions. Gamma rays can be generated by supernovae, neutron stars, pulsars and black holes. Gamma ray bursts, with extremely high energies, have also been detected but have yet to be identified.^[1]

Photo	Name	Space agency	Launch date	Terminated	Location	Ref(s)
	Proton-1	USSR	16 Jul 1965	11 Oct 1965	Earth orbit (183-589 km)	[2]
	Proton-2	USSR	2 Nov 1965	6 Feb 1966	Earth orbit (191-637 km)	[2]
	Proton-4	USSR	16 Nov 1968	24 Jul 1969	Earth orbit (248-477 km)	[3]
	Small Astronomy Satellite 2 (SAS-B)	NASA	15 Nov 1972	8 Jun 1973	Earth orbit (443–632 km)	[4][5]
	Cos-B	ESA	9 Aug 1975	25 Apr 1982	Earth orbit (339.6–99,876 km)	[6][7][8]
	High Energy Astronomy Observatory 3	NASA	20 Sep 1979	29 May 1981	Earth orbit (486.4–504.9 km)	[9][10][11]
	Granat	CNRS & IKI	1 Dec 1989	25 May 1999	Earth orbit (2,000–200,000 km)	[12][13][14]
	Gamma	USSR, CNES, RSA	11 Jul 1990	1992	Earth orbit (375 km)	[15]
	Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO)	NASA	5 Apr 1991	4 Jun 2000	Earth orbit (362–457 km)	[16][17][18]
	Low Energy Gamma Ray Imager (LEGRI)	INTA	19 May 1997	Feb 2002	Earth orbit (600 km)	[19][20]
	High Energy Transient Explorer 2 (HETE 2)	NASA	9 Oct 2000	Mar 2008	Earth orbit (590–650 km)	[21][22][23]
	International Gamma Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL)	ESA	17 Oct 2002	—	Earth orbit (639–153,000 km)	[24][25]
	Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory	NASA	20 Nov 2004	—	Earth orbit (585–604 km)	[26][27]
	Astrorivelatore Gamma ad Immagini Leggero (AGILE)	ISA	23 Apr 2007	18 Jan 2024	Earth orbit (524–553 km)	[28][29]
	Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope	NASA	11 Jun 2008	—	Earth orbit (555 km)	[30]
	Gamma-Ray Burst Polarimeter (IKAROS)	JAXA	21 May 2010	21 May 2015	Heliocentric orbit	[31][32]

X-ray

X-ray telescopes measure high-energy photons called X-rays. These can not travel a long distance through the atmosphere, meaning that they can only be observed high in the atmosphere or in space. Several types of astrophysical objects emit X-rays, from galaxy clusters, through black holes in active galactic nuclei to galactic objects such as supernova remnants, stars, and binary stars containing a white dwarf (cataclysmic variable stars), neutron star or black hole (X-ray binaries). Some Solar System bodies emit X-rays, the most notable being the Moon, although most of the X-ray brightness of the Moon arises from reflected solar X-rays. A combination of many unresolved X-ray sources is thought to produce the observed X-ray background.

Photo	Name	Space agency	Launch date	Terminated	Location	Ref(s)
	Uhuru (Small Astronomy Satellite 1, SAS-A)	NASA	12 Dec 1970	Mar 1973	Earth orbit (531–572 km)	[33][34][35]
	Astronomical Netherlands Satellite (ANS)	SRON	30 Aug 1974	Jun 1976	Earth orbit (266–1176 km)	[36][37]
	Ariel V	SRC & NASA	15 Oct 1974	14 Mar 1980	Earth orbit (520 km)	[38][39]
	Aryabhata	ISRO	19 Apr 1975	23 Apr 1975	Earth orbit (563–619 km)	[40]
	Small Astronomy Satellite 3 (SAS-C)	NASA	7 May 1975	Apr 1979	Earth orbit (509–516 km)	[41][42][43]
	Cos-B	ESA	9 Aug 1975	25 Apr 1982	Earth orbit (339.6–99,876 km)	[6][7][8]
	Cosmic Radiation Satellite (CORSA)	ISAS	4 Feb 1976	4 Feb 1976	Failed launch	[44][45]
	High Energy Astronomy Observatory 1 (HEAO 1)	NASA	12 Aug 1977	9 Jan 1979	Earth orbit (445 km)	[46][47][48]
	Einstein Observatory (HEAO 2)	NASA	13 Nov 1978	26 Apr 1981	Earth orbit (465–476 km)	[49][50]
	Hakucho (CORSA-b)	ISAS	21 Feb 1979	16 Apr 1985	Earth orbit (421–433 km)	[51][52][53]
	High Energy Astronomy Observatory 3 (HEAO 3)	NASA	20 Sep 1979	29 May 1981	Earth orbit (486.4–504.9 km)	[9][10][11]
	Tenma (Astro-B)	ISAS	20 Feb 1983	19 Jan 1989	Earth orbit (489–503 km)	[54][55][56]
	Astron	IKI	23 Mar 1983	Jun 1989	Earth orbit (2,000–200,000 km)	[57][58][59]
	EXOSAT	ESA	26 May 1983	8 Apr 1986	Earth orbit (347–191,709 km)	[60][61][62]
	Ginga (Astro-C)	ISAS	5 Feb 1987	1 Nov 1991	Earth orbit (517–708 km)	[63][64][65]
	Granat	CNRS & IKI	1 Dec 1989	25 May 1999	Earth orbit (2,000–200,000 km)	[12][13][14]
	ROSAT	NASA & DLR	1 Jun 1990	12 Feb 1999	Re-entry 23 October 2011.[66] Formerly Earth orbit (580 km)	[67][68][69]
	Broad Band X-ray Telescope / Astro 1	NASA	2 Dec 1990	11 Dec 1990	Earth orbit (500 km)	[70][71]
	Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics (ASCA, Astro-D)	ISAS & NASA	20 Feb 1993	2 Mar 2001	Earth orbit (523.6–615.3 km)	[72][73]
	Array of Low Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors (Alexis)	LANL	25 Apr 1993	2005	Earth orbit (749–844 km)	[74][75][76]
	Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE)	NASA	30 Dec 1995	3 Jan 2012	Earth orbit (409 km)	[77][78][79]
	BeppoSAX	ASI	30 Apr 1996	30 Apr 2002	Earth orbit (575–594 km)	[80][81][82]
	A Broadband Imaging X-ray All-sky Survey (ABRIXAS)	DLR	28 Apr 1999	1 Jul 1999	Earth orbit (549–598 km)	[83][84][85]
	Chandra X-ray Observatory	NASA	23 Jul 1999	—	Earth orbit (9,942–140,000 km)	[86][87]
	XMM-Newton	ESA	10 Dec 1999	—	Earth orbit (7,365–114,000 km)	[88][89]
	High Energy Transient Explorer 2 (HETE 2)	NASA	9 Oct 2000	Mar 2008	Earth orbit (590–650 km)	[21][22][90]
	International Gamma Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL)	ESA	17 Oct 2002	—	Earth orbit (639–153,000 km)	[24][25]
	Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory	NASA	20 Nov 2004	—	Earth orbit (585–604 km)	[26][27]
	Suzaku (Astro-E2)	JAXA & NASA	10 Jul 2005	2 Sep 2015	Earth orbit (550 km)	[91][92]
	Astrorivelatore Gamma ad Immagini Leggero (AGILE)	ISA	23 Apr 2007	18 Jan 2024	Earth orbit (524–553 km)	[28][29]
	Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR)	NASA	13 Jun 2012	—	Earth orbit (603.5 km)	[93][94]
	AstroSat	ISRO	28 Sep 2015	—	Earth orbit (600–650 km)	[95][96][97]
	Hitomi (Astro-H)	JAXA	17 Feb 2016	28 Apr 2016	Earth orbit (575 km)	[98][99][100]
	Mikhailo Lomonosov	Moscow State University	28 Apr 2016	30 Jun 2018	Earth orbit (478–493 km)	[101][102]
	Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER)	NASA	7 Jun 2017	—	International Space Station	[103]
	Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT)	CNSA & CAS	14 Jun 2017	—	Low Earth orbit (545–554.1 km)	[104]
	Spektr-RG	RSRI & MPE	Jul 13, 2019	—	Sun-Earth L2	[105]
	Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE)	NASA	9 Dec 2021	—	Earth orbit (540 km)	[106][107]
	Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy (LEIA)	CSA	27 Jul 2022	—	Low Earth orbit	[108][109]
	X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM)	JAXA & NASA	7 Sep 2023	—	Earth orbit (550 km)	[110][111]
	X-ray Polarimeter Satellite (XPoSat)	ISRO & RRI	1 Jan 2024	—	Earth orbit (638–653 km)	[112][113]
	Einstein Probe	CAS & ESA & MPE	9 Jan 2024	—	Earth orbit (581–593 km)	[114]

Ultraviolet

Ultraviolet telescopes make observations at ultraviolet wavelengths, i.e. between approximately 10 and 320 nm. Light at these wavelengths is absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere, so observations at these wavelengths must be performed from the upper atmosphere or from space.^[115] Objects emitting ultraviolet radiation include the Sun, other stars and galaxies.^[116]

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_space_telescopes
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Photo	Name	Space agency	Launch date	Terminated	Observing location	Ref(s)
	OAO-2 (Stargazer)	NASA	7 Dec 1968	Jan 1973	Earth orbit (749–758 km)	[117][118]
	Orion 1 and Orion 2 Space Observatories	USSR	19 Apr 1971 (Orion 1); (Orion 2) 18 Dec 1973	1971; 1973	Earth orbit (Orion 1: 200–222 km; Orion 2: 188–247 km)	[119][120]
	Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph (UVC)	NASA	16 Apr 1972	23 Apr 1972	Descartes Highlands on lunar surface	[121]
	OAO-3 Copernicus	NASA	21 Aug 1972	Feb 1981	Earth orbit (713–724 km)	[117]
	Astronomical Netherlands Satellite (ANS)	SRON	30 Aug 1974	Jun 1976	Earth orbit (266–1176 km)	[36][37]
	International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE)	ESA & NASA & SERC	26 Jan 1978	30 Sep 1996	Earth orbit (32,050–52,254 km)	[122][123]
	Astron	IKI	23 Mar 1983	Jun 1989	Earth orbit (2,000–200,000 km)	[57][58][59]
	Hubble Space Telescope	NASA & ESA	24 Apr 1990	—	Earth orbit (586–610 km)	[124]
	Broad Band X-ray Telescope / Astro 1	NASA	2 Dec 1990	11 Dec 1990	Earth orbit (500 km)	[70][71]
	Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE)	NASA	7 Jun 1992	31 Jan 2001	Earth orbit (515–527 km)	[125][126]
	Astro 2	NASA	2 Mar 1993	18 Mar 1993	Earth orbit (349–363 km)	[127][128]
	Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE)	NASA & CNES & CSA	24 Jun 1999	12 Jul 2007	Earth orbit (752–767 km)	[129][130]
	Cosmic Hot Interstellar Spectrometer (CHIPS)	NASA	13 Jan 2003	11 Apr 2008	Earth orbit (578–594 km)	[131][132]
	Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX)	NASA	28 Apr 2003	28 Jun 2013	Earth orbit (691–697 km)	.[133][134][135]
	Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Satellite 4 (Kaistsat 4)	KARI