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In Pashto, most of the native elements of the lexicon are related to other Eastern Iranian languages.[67] As noted by Josef Elfenbein, "Loanwords have been traced in Pashto as far back as the third century B.C., and include words from Greek and probably Old Persian".[87] For instance, Georg Morgenstierne notes the Pashto word مېچنmečә́n i.e. a hand-mill as being derived from the Ancient Greek word μηχανή (mēkhanḗ, i.e. a device).[88] Post-7th century borrowings came primarily from Persian and Hindi-Urdu, with Arabic words being borrowed through Persian,[89] but sometimes directly.[90][91] Modern speech borrows words from English, French, and German.[92]
However, a remarkably large number of words are unique to Pashto.[93][94]
Here is an exemplary list of Pure Pashto and borrowings:[95][96]
Pashto
Persian Loan
Arabic Loan
Meaning
چوپړ čopáṛ
خدمت khidmat
خدمة khidmah
service
هڅه hátsa
کوشش kušeš
effort/try
ملګری, ملګرې malgə́ray, malgə́re
دوست dost
friend
نړۍ
naṛә́i
جهان
jahān
دنيا
dunyā
world
تود/توده
tod/táwda
گرم
garm
hot
اړتيا
aṛtyā́
ضرورة
ḍarurah
need
هيله
híla
اميد
umid
hope
د ... په اړه
də...pə aṛá
باره
bāra
about
بوللـه
bolә́la
قصيدة
qasidah
an ode
Due to the incursion of Persian and Persianized-Arabic in modern speech, linguistic purism of Pashto is advocated to prevent its own vocabulary from dying out.[94][self-published source][97][98]Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Pashto_language Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.
