A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
London Borough of Enfield | |
|---|---|
 Council logo | |
| Motto: By Industry Ever Stronger | |
 Enfield shown within Greater London | |
| Coordinates: 51°38′42″N 0°03′36″W / 51.645°N 0.060°W | |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Constituent country | England |
| Region | London |
| Ceremonial county | Greater London |
| Created | 1 April 1965 |
| Admin HQ | Civic Centre, Enfield Town |
| Government | |
| • Type | London borough council |
| • Body | Enfield London Borough Council |
| • London Assembly | Joanne McCartney AM for Enfield and Haringey |
| • MPs |
|
| Area | |
| • Total | 31.74 sq mi (82.20 km2) |
| • Rank | 213th (of 296) |
| Population (2022) | |
| • Total | 327,224 |
| • Rank | 35th (of 296) |
| • Density | 10,000/sq mi (4,000/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC (GMT) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+1 (BST) |
| Postcodes | |
| Area codes | 01992, 020 |
| ISO 3166 code | GB-ENF |
| ONS code | 00AK |
| GSS code | E09000010 |
| Police | Metropolitan Police |
| Website | new.enfield.gov.uk |
| The main towns in the borough are Edmonton, Enfield Town, and Southgate. | |
The London Borough of Enfield () is a London borough in Greater London, England. The main communities in the borough are Edmonton, Enfield, Southgate and Palmers Green. Enfield is an Outer London borough and forms part of North London, being the northernmost borough. The local authority is Enfield London Borough Council, based at Enfield Civic Centre. The borough's population is estimated to be 333,794.
It borders the London boroughs of Barnet to the west, Haringey to the south, and Waltham Forest to the southeast. To the north are the districts of Hertsmere, Welwyn Hatfield and Broxbourne (in Hertfordshire), and to the east is Epping Forest District in Essex.
Etymology
Enfield was recorded in Domesday Book in 1086 as Enefelde, and as Einefeld in 1214, Enfeld in 1293, and Enfild in 1564: that is 'open land of a man called Ēana', or 'where lambs are reared', from the Old English feld with an Old English personal name or with Old English ēan 'lamb'. The feld would have been a reference to an area cleared of trees within woodland that would later become known as Enfield Chase.[1]
History
In Roman times, Enfield was connected to Londinium by Ermine Street, the great Roman road which stretched all the way up to York. Artefacts found in the early 1900s reveal that there were Roman settlements in the areas that are now Edmonton and Bush Hill Park.
In 790 King Offa of Mercia was recorded as giving the lands of Edmonton to St Albans Abbey. The area became strategically important as East Anglia was taken over by the Danes. In the 890s strongholds were built by men loyal to King Alfred the Great, in order to keep the Danes to the east of the River Lea.
After the Norman Conquest, both Enfield and Edmonton were mentioned in Domesday Book. Both had churches, and Enfield had 400 inhabitants, Edmonton 300. Enfield is also described as having a "parc". This parc—a heavily forested area for hunting—was key to Enfield's existence in the Middle Ages (see Enfield Old Park). Wealthy Londoners came to Enfield first to hunt, and then to build houses in the green, wooded surroundings. In 1303, Edward I of England granted Enfield a charter to hold a weekly market, which has continued up to this day. The old market cross was removed in the early 20th century to make way for a monument to the coronation of King Edward VII, but was preserved by the horticulturalist E. A. Bowles for his garden at nearby Myddelton House, where it remains today.[2]
Enfield Grammar School with its Tudor Old Hall stands next to the Enfield Town Market Place and St. Andrew's Church, the school having been extended several times since 1586. A new hall and further additions were completed shortly before World War II.[3]
Nearby historically was the palace of Edward VI, where Elizabeth I lived while a princess, including during the final illness of Henry VIII. Edward was taken there to join her, so that in the company of his sister, Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford could break the news to Edward, formally announcing the death of their royal father in the presence chamber at Enfield, on his knees to make formal obeisance to the boy as King.[4] Later Elizabeth held court there when she was queen (this was remembered in the name Palace Gardens that was a street running behind Pearsons department store and is still recalled in the name of Enfield's shopping centre).[5]
Industry
Enfield has a history of armaments manufacture—see Royal Small Arms Factory. The Lee–Enfield .303 rifle was standard issue for the British Army until 1957, although its usage carried on afterwards for some time. Other firearms manufactured there include the Bren and Sten machine guns—the "en" in both cases denoting the place of manufacture.
The world's first solid state circuitry colour televisions were manufactured by Ferguson at their now closed plant in Enfield.
The first mass-produced dishwasher was manufactured in Hotpoint's now closed Enfield plant.
The Barclays Bank branch in Enfield was the first place in the world to have an ATM or cash machine; it was officially opened in June 1967 by Reg Varney, a television actor and personality most famous for his lead role in the comedy series On the Buses. This historical event was marked by a silver plaque on the wall of the bank, and later by an English Heritage Blue plaque.
A fine example of a grade II listed art deco factory building can be found along Southbury Road, with the former Ripaults Factory,[6] now an office building for Travis Perkins.
Administrative history
The area of the modern borough broadly corresponds to the two ancient parishes of Enfield and Edmonton, and was historically part of the county of Middlesex. Both parishes were made local board districts in 1850, each with an elected board overseeing public health and responsible for the provision of infrastructure.[7] The Edmonton district was divided in 1881, when its western part was made a separate district called Southgate. Such districts were reconstituted as urban districts under the Local Government Act 1894.[8]
Each of the three urban districts was later raised to the status of a municipal borough: Southgate in 1933,[9] Edmonton in 1937,[10] and Enfield in 1955.[11]
The modern borough was created in 1965 under the London Government Act 1963, covering the combined area of the former boroughs of Enfield, Edmonton and Southgate, which were all abolished at the same time. The area was transferred from Middlesex to Greater London to become one of the 32 London Boroughs.[12]
The armorial bearings of these three boroughs were also merged. The heraldic beast on the shield of the Enfield coat of arms is known in heraldry as an "Enfield" (or colloquially as the Enfield beast), and is used extensively as a logo representing Enfield, particularly by the borough council.
Enfield today
The borough's Civic Centre is in Silver Street, Enfield Town, and is home to the council. Enfield Town is also home to the local credit union, North London Credit Union.
In 2007, Enfield Town centre completed a major redevelopment project under the name PalaceXchange while retaining the Palace Gardens Shopping Centre. An extension was added to the existing retail area with many new shops, and a second multi-storey car park was built along with a new road layout.
A major redevelopment of Edmonton Green including the shopping centre, and adjacent municipal housing over a wide area, started in 1999. This is still on-going, and provides new housing, health facilities, a new leisure centre, a supermarket, and many other civic features.
Many local activities are located around the A10 road, on the sites of former industrial enterprises, which has a number of large retail outlets and a large multiplex Cineworld cinema. The cinema also hosts Jubilee Church on a Sunday morning; whilst cinemagoers continue to watch films in the other screens, a charismatic church which draws its worshippers from a wide area, hiring several auditoria for worship.[citation needed]
The western part of Enfield is largely residential, with shopping centres in Southgate, Palmers Green and Cockfosters.
Parts of Enfield experienced rioting in August 2011, in which a private car and a van were set alight and completely destroyed, a police car vandalised (smashed windows) and a number of shops in Enfield Town Centre as well as others in the Enfield Retail Park being broken into and looted. The Sony Distribution Centre in the Innova Business Park, near Waltham Cross, was burnt to the ground. In September 2012, a year after the attack, a rebuilt Sony Distribution Centre was opened by the prime minister, David Cameron.[13]
Governance
The local authority is Enfield Council, based at the Civic Centre on Silver Street in Enfield.
Greater London representation
Since 2000, for elections to the London Assembly, the borough forms part of the Enfield and Haringey constituency.
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1801 | 10,789 | — |
| 1811 | 13,249 | +22.8% |
| 1821 | 15,876 | +19.8% |
| 1831 | 16,745 | +5.5% |
| 1841 | 18,111 | +8.2% |
| 1851 | 18,854 | +4.1% |
| 1861 | 26,819 | +42.2% |
| 1871 | 34,784 | +29.7% |
| 1881 | 42,750 | +22.9% |
| 1891 | 68,557 | +60.4% |
| 1901 | 103,049 | +50.3% |
| 1911 | 154,907 | +50.3% |
| 1921 | 177,309 | +14.5% |
| 1931 | 202,969 | +14.5% |
| 1941 | 243,489 | +20.0% |
| 1951 | 292,100 | +20.0% |
| 1961 | 279,907 | −4.2% |
| 1971 | 268,239 | −4.2% |
| 1981 | 257,169 | −4.1% |
| 1991 | 263,096 | +2.3% |
| 2001 | 273,563 | +4.0% |
| 2011 | 312,466 | +14.2% |
| Source: A Vision of Britain through time, citing Census population | ||
Religion in London Borough of Enfield (2021)[14]
| Ethnic Group | Year | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1971 estimations[15] | 1981 estimations[16] | 1991 census[16][17] | 2001 census[18] | 2011 census[19] | 2021 census[20] | |||||||
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| White: Total | – | 94.6% | 243,578 | 92.1% | 225,590 | 85.7% | 210,949 | 77.1% | 190,640 | 61.0% | 171,884 | 52.1% |
| White: British | – | – | – | – | – | – | 167,394 | 61.2% | 126,450 | 40.5% | 103,140 | 31.3% |
| White: Irish | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8,398 | 3.1% | 6,899 | 2.2% | 5,969 | 1.8% |
| White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 344 | 0.1% | 374 | 0.1% |
| White: Roma | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1,121 | 0.3% |
| White: Other | – | – | – | – | – | – | 35,157 | 12.8% | 56,947 | 18.2% | 61,280 | 18.6% |
| Asian or Asian British: Total | – | – | 8,923 | 3.4% | 17,428 | 6.6% | 23,260 | 8.5% | 34,893 | 11.1% | 40,058 | 11.5% |
| Asian or Asian British: Indian | – | – | 5,244 | 2% | 9,390 | 10,887 | 4.0% | 11,648 | 3.7% | 11,870 | 3.6% | |
| Asian or Asian British: Pakistani | – | – | 638 | 1,083 | 1,717 | 0.6% | 2,594 | 0.8% | 3,674 | 1.1% | ||
| Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi | – | – | 981 | 2,194 | 3,524 | 1.3% | 5,599 | 1.8% | 8,123 | 2.5% | ||
| Asian or Asian British: Chinese | – | – | 696 | 1,179 | 2,011 | 0.7% | 2,588 | 0.8% | 2,691 | 0.8% | ||
| Asian or Asian British: Other Asian | – | – | 1,364 | 3,582 | 5,121 | 1.9% | 12,464 | 4.0% | 11,615 | 3.5% | ||
| Black or Black British: Total | – | – | 9,778 | 3.7% | 16,488 | 6.3% | 28,591 | 10.4% | 53,687 | 17.1% | 60,512 | 18.2% |
| Black or Black British: African | – | – | 2,280 | 4,281 | 11,884 | 4.3% | 28,222 | 9.0% | 36,463 | 11.0% | ||
| Black or Black British: Caribbean | – | – | 5,854 | 2.2% | 9,730 | 3.7% | 14,590 | 5.3% | 17,334 | 5.5% | 16,990 | 5.1% |
| Black or Black British: Other Black | – | – | 1,644 | 2,477 | 2,117 | 0.8% | 8,131 | 2.6% | 7,059 | 2.1% | ||
| Mixed or British Mixed: Total | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9,089 | 3.0% | 17,183 | 5.5% | 19,558 | 6% |
| Mixed: White and Black Caribbean | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2,303 | 1.0% | 4,852 | 1.6% | 5,165 | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Public_transport_in_the_London_Borough_of_Enfield|