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Sandnes Municipality
Sandnes kommune | |
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City & Municipality | |
![]() View of the city from the south | |
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Coordinates: 58°51′06″N 05°44′10″E / 58.85167°N 5.73611°E | |
Country | Norway |
Municipality | Sandnes |
County | Rogaland |
District | Jæren |
City | 6 April 1861 |
Government | |
• Mayor | Kenny Rettore (H) |
Area | |
• Municipality | 1,040.56 km2 (401.76 sq mi) |
• Land | 943.56 km2 (364.31 sq mi) |
• Rank | 109 |
Population (2023) | |
• Municipality | 83,382 |
• Density | 80/km2 (210/sq mi) |
• Urban | 237,369 |
• Metro | 350,000 |
• Municipality/ Urban rank | 7th/3rd |
• Metro rank | 3rd |
Demonym(s) | Sandnesgauk Sandnesbu Sandneser |
Language forms | |
• Official form | Neutral |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Website | www |
Sandnes (pronounced [ˈsɑ̂nːeːs] ) is a city and municipality in Rogaland, Norway. It lies immediately south of Stavanger, the 4th largest city in Norway, and together the Stavanger/Sandnes area is the third-largest urban area in Norway. The urban city of Sandnes lies in the extreme western part of the vast municipality and it makes up about 5% of the total land area of the municipality.
Sandnes is part of the traditional district of Jæren. The western part of the municipality is very urbanized while the eastern part of the municipality is very rural. The municipality is divided into 13 boroughs and the administrative centre is located in the borough of Trones og Sentrum, a borough in the city. There are several villages in the rural parts of the municipality including Hommersåk, Høle, Foss-Eikeland, Stokka, Forsand, Lysebotn, and Vatne.
The 1,041-square-kilometre (402 sq mi) municipality is the 109th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Sandnes is the 7th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 83,382 in 2023.[1] The municipality's population density is 84.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (218/sq mi) and its population has increased by 20.8% over the previous 10-year period.[2][3]
History
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bilde_2.png/220px-Bilde_2.png)
The small port village of Sandnes was granted ladested (small seaport city) status in 1860. On 6 April 1861, the small city was separated from the municipality of Høyland to form a separate self-governing municipality of its own. Initially, the municipality had 440 residents.
On 1 July 1957, a small part of Høyland municipality (population: 18) was transferred to the city of Sandnes.[4]
During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1965, the city and municipality of Sandnes (population: 3,961) was merged with the municipality of Høyland (population: 20,353) and parts of the municipalities of Høle (population: 926) and Hetland (population: 2,077).[4]
In 2014, the Storting decided that the number of municipalities in Norway would be lowered. If the municipalities of Sandnes, Stavanger and Sola were to merge, a new municipality would be formed called Nord-Jæren, after the name of the geographical location the municipalities are located in. After the city council said no to the merge, proposals for Forsand to merge with Sandnes were enacted instead.
On 1 January 2017, a small 350-decare (86-acre) area on the southwestern edge of the village of Solakrossen was transferred from Sandnes municipality to the neighboring municipality of Sola.[5]
On 1 January 2020, most of the neighboring municipality of Forsand was merged with Sandnes to form one large municipality called Sandnes.[6]
Name
The municipality (and city) is named after an old Sandnæs farm, since the city was built on its grounds. The first element is sand which means 'sand' or 'sandy beach' and the last element is nes which means 'headland'. The farm was located at the end of the Gandsfjorden where the city centre is located today.[7]
Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 21 April 1972. The arms show a white piece of pottery on a green background. Pottery was chosen since it was one of the main industries in the late 18th century. The symbol is a leirgauk, which in English would be a ceramic cuckoo bird (leir(e), 'clay, ceramic' and gauk/gjøk, 'cuckoo bird'). The ceramic Sandnes cuckoo (Norwegian: sandnesgauk) is an ocarina or simple flute which was made by the potteries in Sandnes and used to advertise their products. Later it also became a nickname for people from Sandnes.[8]
Geography
The municipality lies in the Jæren region and stretches 90 kilometres (56 mi) nearly from the west coast of Norway to the rugged mountainous interior. The city of Sandnes is located at the base of the Stavanger Peninsula, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of the city of Stavanger, and these two cities have expanded so as to form a conurbation. The municipality of Sola is located to the west, Klepp and Time, Gjesdal to the south, Sirdal and Bykle to the east, Strand and Hjelmeland to the northeast, and Stavanger to the northwest. The fjord Gandsfjorden is situated north–south at the west end of the municipality and the Høgsfjorden and Lysefjorden dominate the eastern part of the municipality. The international airport for Sandnes/Stavanger is situated in Sola, just to the west of Sandnes.
Prior to 2020 (when the municipality was enlarged), the city-municipality of Sandnes was divided into 13 boroughs: Austrått, Figgjo, Ganddal, Hana, Høle, Lura, Malmheim og Soma, Riska, Sandved, Stangeland, Sviland, and Trones og Sentrum.
The landscape of western Sandnes is quite flat. On the long west coast there are several beaches and further inland the land is raised to form low plains with some small peaks rising up to 400 to 500 metres (1,300 to 1,600 ft) above sea level. From Stavanger and Sandnes it is approximately one hour by car to alpine and skiing resorts. In Sandnes there are some easily accessible small mountain peaks, such as Dalsnuten and Lifjell, with a view over the Sandnes/Stavanger area. The renowned Lysefjorden is also easily accessible by car or boat. The lake Frøylandsvatnet, the river Figgjoelva, and the mountain Hanafjellet are all located in Sandnes.
The Lysefjorden in the eastern part of the municipality is surrounded by very steep 1,000-metre (3,300 ft) tall cliffs such as Kjerag and Preikestolen, with the Lysefjord Bridge crossing the fjord near the western end. The famous Kjeragbolten boulder and Kjeragfossen waterfall are located along the inner part of the fjord. The village of Lysebotn lies at the eastern end of the fjord. The lake Nilsebuvatnet is located high up in the mountains, north of Lysebotn on the border of Strand and Forsand municipalities. It is regulated for hydroelectric power use at the Lysebotn Hydroelectric Power Station.
Climate
Sandnes is in a common urban area with Stavanger and thus the weather station for the international airport of Stavanger Sola is the closest weather station to Sandnes proper.
Situated on the south west coast of Norway, the local climate is greatly influenced by the temperate water in the North Sea, and Atlantic lows giving mild westerlies also in winter. This creates warmer temperatures throughout the year compared to other cities at similar latitudes, and also gives plentiful precipitation in the form of rain, especially in late autumn and winter. Sandnes is a little bit more inland than the airport so thus may have slightly warmer summer days and cooler winter nights as a result.
According to Köppen climate classification, Sandnes experiences a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb) with five months with a mean temperature above 10 °C (50 °F). Spring and early summer is the driest season. The all-time high 33.5 °C (92.3 °F) at the airport was recorded August 1975. The warmest high recorded in the Stavanger area is 34.4 °C (93.9 °F) at the weather station Stavanger-Våland (72 m) in July 2018. The warmest month on record at Stavanger Airport is August 2002 with mean 19.3 °C (66.7 °F) and average daily high 23.2 °C (73.8 °F). The all-time low −19.8 °C (−3.6 °F) was recorded January 1987. The coldest month on record is February 1963 with mean −5 °C (23 °F) and average daily low −9.6 °C (14.7 °F). The average date for the last overnight freeze (low below 0 °C (32.0 °F)) in spring is April 20[9] and average date for first freeze in autumn is October 31[10] giving a frost-free season of 193 days (Stavanger Airport Sola 1981-2010 average).
Climate data for Stavanger Airport Sola 1991-2020 (7 m, extremes: 1947–2020, sunhours 1961-1990) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 12.4 (54.3) |
13.9 (57.0) |
17.7 (63.9) |
25.2 (77.4) |
29.4 (84.9) |
30.5 (86.9) |
32.5 (90.5) |
33.5 (92.3) |
26.7 (80.1) |
22.3 (72.1) |
16.2 (61.2) |
12 (54) |
33.5 (92.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.8 (40.6) |
4.6 (40.3) |
6.5 (43.7) |
10.4 (50.7) |
13.8 (56.8) |
16.3 (61.3) |
18.6 (65.5) |
18.9 (66.0) |
16.2 (61.2) |
11.9 (53.4) |
8 (46) |
5.6 (42.1) |
11.3 (52.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.6 (36.7) |
2.1 (35.8) |
3.7 (38.7) |
6.9 (44.4) |
10.2 (50.4) |
13 (55) |
15.3 (59.5) |
15.7 (60.3) |
13.2 (55.8) |
9.2 (48.6) |
5.7 (42.3) |
3.4 (38.1) |
8.4 (47.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.6 (30.9) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
0.9 (33.6) |
3.6 (38.5) |
6.8 (44.2) |
10 (50) |
12.4 (54.3) |
12.7 (54.9) |
10.3 (50.5) |
6.4 (43.5) |
3 (37) |
0.6 (33.1) |
5.5 (41.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | −19.8 (−3.6) |
−19.2 (−2.6) |
−16.2 (2.8) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
0.6 (33.1) |
4.3 (39.7) |
1.2 (34.2) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−16.1 (3.0) |
−16.1 (3.0) |
−19.8 (−3.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 118.5 (4.67) |
99.6 (3.92) |
80.5 (3.17) |
62.5 (2.46) |
62.1 (2.44) |
67.3 (2.65) |
91.2 (3.59) |
126.5 (4.98) |
132 (5.2) |
148.3 (5.84) |
135.2 (5.32) |
132.4 (5.21) |
1,256.1 (49.45) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 13.7 | 10.4 | 11.9 | 9.9 | 10.7 | 10.6 | 10.8 | 14.0 | 16.9 | 16.7 | 17.7 | 15.6 | 158.9 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 82 | 81 | 78 | 77 | 75 | 78 | 78 | 80 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 82 | 80 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 48 | 79 | 140 | 168 | 226 | 222 | 197 | 159 | 141 | 80 | 45 | 33 | 1,538 |
Source 1: yr.no/met.no[11] NOAA (humidity only)[12] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Meteostat (avg highs/lows) [13] |
Climate data for Stavanger Airport (2002–2020 averages & extremes) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 11.2 (52.2) |
13.9 (57.0) |
17.7 (63.9) |
22.4 (72.3) |
29.4 (84.9) |
29.1 (84.4) |
32.5 (90.5) |
29.4 (84.9) |
26.7 (80.1) |
22.3 (72.1) |
16.2 (61.2) |
12.0 (53.6) |
32.5 (90.5) |
Mean maximum °C (°F) | 9.0 (48.2) |
8.9 (48.0) |
12.1 (53.8) |
17.4 (63.3) |
22.9 (73.2) |
24.8 (76.6) |
26.7 (80.1) |
25.7 (78.3) |
21.6 (70.9) |
16.9 (62.4) |
12.8 (55.0) |
9.9 (49.8) |
28.2 (82.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.7 (40.5) |
4.8 (40.6) |
6.8 (44.2) |
10.9 (51.6) |
13.9 (57.0) |
16.8 (62.2) |
19.0 (66.2) |
19.2 (66.6) |
16.4 (61.5) |
12.2 (54.0) |
8.4 (47.1) |
6.0 (42.8) |
11.6 (52.9) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.3 (36.1) |
2.3 (36.1) |
3.9 (39.0) |
7.5 (45.5) |
10.5 (50.9) |
13.6 (56.5) |
15.9 (60.6) |
16.1 (61.0) |
13.5 (56.3) |
9.3 (48.7) |
5.8 (42.4) |
3.6 (38.5) |
8.7 (47.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.2 (31.6) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
1.0 (33.8) |
4.0 (39.2) |
7.1 (44.8) |
10.3 (50.5) |
12.8 (55.0) |
12.9 (55.2) |
10.6 (51.1) |
6.4 (43.5) |
3.2 (37.8) |
1.1 (34.0) |
5.7 (42.3) |
Mean minimum °C (°F) | −8.9 (16.0) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
1.8 (35.2) |
6.0 (42.8) |
8.8 (47.8) |
8.1 (46.6) |
5.2 (41.4) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−10.9 (12.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | −19.1 (−2.4) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−13.3 (8.1) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
3.9 (39.0) |
6.6 (43.9) |
6.0 (42.8) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−11.7 (10.9) |
−15.5 (4.1) |
−19.1 (−2.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 122.5 (4.82) |
89.6 (3.53) |
72.9 (2.87) |
60.7 (2.39) |
69.0 (2.72) |
66.9 (2.63) |
104.0 (4.09) |
131.3 (5.17) |
146.0 (5.75) |
142.5 (5.61) |
141.6 (5.57) |
134.6 (5.30) |
1,281.6 (50.45) |
Source: Norsk Klimaservicesenter[14] |
Location
Sandnes is located on the west coast of Norway. Here are some distances from the city of Sandnes to other major cities in Norway:
- Stavanger 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Sandnes_(city)
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