A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
| Sharada script Śāradā 𑆯𑆳𑆫𑆢𑆳 | |
|---|---|
 The word śāradā in Sharada script | |
| Script type | |
Time period | 700 CE –present (almost extinct)[1] |
| Direction | Left-to-right  |
| Region | India, Pakistan, Central Asia |
| Languages | Sanskrit, Kashmiri |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | |
Child systems | Takri Landa |
Sister systems | Siddham, Tibetan,[2][3] Kalinga, Bhaiksuki |
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Shrd (319), Sharada, Śāradā |
| Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Sharada |
| U+11180–U+111DF | |
The theorised Semitic origins of the Brahmi script are not universally agreed upon. | |
| Brahmic scripts |
|---|
| The Brahmi script and its descendants |
The Śāradā, Sarada or Sharada script is an abugida writing system of the Brahmic family of scripts. The script was widespread between the 8th and 12th centuries in the northwestern parts of Indian Subcontinent (in Kashmir and neighbouring areas), for writing Sanskrit and Kashmiri.[4][1][5] Although originally a signature Brahminical script created in the valley, it was more widespread throughout northwestern Indian subcontinent, although became later restricted to Kashmir, and it is now rarely used, except by the Kashmiri Pandit community for religious purposes.[1]
It is a native script of Kashmir and is named after the goddess Śāradā or Saraswati, the goddess of learning and the main Hindu deity of the Sharada Peeth temple.[7]
History
Sharda script is named after the Hindu goddess Śāradā, also known as Saraswati, the goddess of learning and the main Hindu deity of the Sharada Peeth temple.[7]
Although originally a script restricted to only Brahmins, Sharda was later spread throughout the larger Hindu population in Northwestern Indian subcontinent, as Hinduism became the dominant religion in the region again.[7][8][9]
The Bakhshali manuscript uses an early stage of the Sharada script.[4] The Sharada script was used in Afghanistan as well as in the Himachal region in India. In Afghanistan, the Kabul Ganesh has a 6th to 8th century Proto-Sharada[clarification needed] inscription mentioning the, Turk Shahis, king Khingala of Oddiyana.[10] At the historic temple of Mirkula Devi (also Mrikula Devi) in Lahaul, , the goddess Mahishamardini has a Sharada inscription of 1569 CE.[11]
From the 10th century onwards, regional differences started to appear between the Sharada script used in Punjab, the Hill States (partly Himachal Pradesh) and Kashmir. Sharada proper was eventually restricted to very limited ceremonial use in Kashmir, as it grew increasingly unsuitable for writing the Kashmiri language.[12] With the last known inscription dating to 1204 C.E., the early 13th century marks a milestone in the development of Sharada.[12] The regional variety in Punjab continued to evolve from this stage through the 14th century; during this period it starts to appear in forms closely resembling Gurmukhī and other Landa scripts. By the 15th century, Sharada had evolved so considerably that epigraphists denote the script at this point by a special name, Devāśeṣa.[12]
Letters
Vowels
| Transliteration | IPA | Independent
position |
Dependent position | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph | Example | Special forms | |||
| a | 𑆃 | (none) | (𑆥 pa) | ||
| ā | 𑆄 | 𑆳 | 𑆥𑆳 pā | 𑆕 → 𑆕𑆳; 𑆘 → 𑆘𑆳; 𑆛 → 𑆛𑆳; 𑆟 → 𑆟𑆳 | |
| i | 𑆅 | 𑆴 | 𑆥𑆴 pi | ||
| ī | 𑆆 | 𑆵 | 𑆥𑆵 pī | ||
| u | 𑆇 | 𑆶 | 𑆥𑆶 pu | 𑆑 → 𑆑𑆶; 𑆓 → 𑆓𑆶; 𑆙 → 𑆙𑆶; 𑆚 → 𑆚𑆶; 𑆝 → 𑆝𑆶; 𑆠 → 𑆠𑆶; 𑆨 → 𑆨𑆶; 𑆫 → 𑆫𑆶; 𑆯 → 𑆯𑆶 | |
| ū | 𑆈 | 𑆷 | 𑆥𑆷 pū | 𑆑 → 𑆑𑆷; 𑆓 → 𑆓𑆷; 𑆙 → 𑆙𑆷; 𑆚 → 𑆚𑆷; 𑆝 → 𑆝𑆷; 𑆠 → 𑆠𑆷; 𑆨 → 𑆨𑆷; 𑆫 → 𑆫𑆷; 𑆯 → 𑆯𑆷 | |
| r̥ | 𑆉 | 𑆸 | 𑆥𑆸 pr̥ | 𑆑 → 𑆑𑆸 | |
| r̥̄ | 𑆊 | 𑆹 | 𑆥𑆹 pr̥̄ | 𑆑 → 𑆑𑆹 | |
| l̥ | 𑆋 | 𑆺 | 𑆥𑆺 pl̥ | ||
| l̥̄ | 𑆌 | 𑆻 | 𑆥𑆻 pl̥̄ | ||
| ē | 𑆍 | 𑆼 | 𑆥𑆼 pē | ||
| ai | , , , | 𑆎 | 𑆽 | 𑆥𑆽 pai | |
| ō | 𑆏 | 𑆾 | 𑆥𑆾 pō | ||
| au | , , ɐu, ɔu | 𑆐 | 𑆿 | 𑆥𑆿 pau | |
| am̐ | ◌̃ | 𑆃𑆀 | 𑆀 | 𑆥𑆀 pam̐ | |
| aṃ | n, m | 𑆃𑆁 | 𑆁 | 𑆥𑆁 paṃ | |
| aḥ | h | 𑆃𑆂 | 𑆂 | 𑆥𑆂 paḥ | |
Consonantsedit
| Isolated glyph | Transliteration | IPA |
|---|---|---|
| 𑆑 | ka | kɐ |
| 𑆒 | kha | kʰɐ |
| 𑆓 | ga | ɡɐ |
| 𑆔 | gha | ɡʱɐ |
| 𑆕 | ṅa | ŋɐ |
| 𑆖 | ca | tɕɐ |
| 𑆗 | cha | tɕʰɐ |
| 𑆘 | ja | dʑɐ |
| 𑆙 | jha | dʑʱɐ |
| 𑆚 | ña | ɲɐ |
| 𑆛 | ṭa | ʈɐ |
| 𑆜 | ṭha | ʈʰɐ |
| 𑆝 | ḍa | ɖɐ |
| 𑆞 | ḍha | ɖʱɐ |
| 𑆟 | ṇa | ɳɐ |
| 𑆠 | ta | tɐ |
| 𑆡 | tha | tʰɐ |
| 𑆢 | da | dɐ |
| 𑆣 | dha | dʱɐ |
| 𑆤 | na | nɐ |
| 𑆥 | pa | pɐ |
| 𑆦 | pha | pʰɐ |
| 𑆧 | ba | bɐ |
| 𑆨 | bha | bʱɐ |
| 𑆩 | ma | mɐ |
| 𑆪 | ya | jɐ |
| 𑆫 | ra | rɐ , ɾɐ, ɽɐ, ɾ̪ɐ |
| 𑆬 | la | lɐ |
| 𑆭 | ḷa | ɭɐ |
| 𑆮 | va | ʋɐ |
| 𑆯 | śa | ɕɐ |
| 𑆰 | ṣa | ʂɐ |
| 𑆱 | sa | sɐ |
| 𑆲 | ha | ɦɐ |
Numeralsedit
| Sharada | Arabic |
|---|---|
| 𑇐 | 0 |
| 𑇑 | 1 |
| 𑇒 | 2 |
| 𑇓 | 3 |
| 𑇔 | 4 |
| 𑇕 | 5 |
| 𑇖 | 6 |
| 𑇗 | 7 |
| 𑇘 | 8 |
| 𑇙 | 9 |
Sharada script uses its own signs for the positional decimal numeral system.
Image galleryedit
-
Sharada vowels -
Sharada consonant signs -
Sanskrit (above; devanagari script) and Kashmiri language (below; sharada script) -
Old manuscript using Sharada script -
Kashmiri miniature painting of Brahma, Vishnu, Mahesh, and other Indic deities figuratively within the Sharada script Omkar glyph
Unicodeedit
Śāradā script was added to the Unicode Standard in January, 2012 with the release of version 6.1.[13]
The Unicode block for Śāradā script, called Sharada, is U+11180–U+111DF: