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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Tobler_hyperelliptical_projection_SW.jpg/400px-Tobler_hyperelliptical_projection_SW.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tobler_Hyperelliptical_with_Tissot%27s_Indicatrices_of_Distortion.svg/400px-Tobler_Hyperelliptical_with_Tissot%27s_Indicatrices_of_Distortion.svg.png)
The Tobler hyperelliptical projection is a family of equal-area pseudocylindrical projections that may be used for world maps. Waldo R. Tobler introduced the construction in 1973 as the hyperelliptical projection, now usually known as the Tobler hyperelliptical projection.[1]
Overview
As with any pseudocylindrical projection, in the projection’s normal aspect,[2] the parallels of latitude are parallel, straight lines. Their spacing is calculated to provide the equal-area property. The projection blends the cylindrical equal-area projection, which has straight, vertical meridians, with meridians that follow a particular kind of curve known as superellipses[3] or Lamé curves or sometimes as hyperellipses. A hyperellipse is described by , where and are free parameters. Tobler's hyperelliptical projection is given as:
where is the longitude, is the latitude, and is the relative weight given to the cylindrical equal-area projection. For a purely cylindrical equal-area, ; for a projection with pure hyperellipses for meridians, ; and for weighted combinations, .
When and the projection degenerates to the Collignon projection; when , , and the projection becomes the Mollweide projection.[4] Tobler favored the parameterization shown with the top illustration; that is, , , and .
See also
References
- ^ Snyder, John P. (1993). Flattening the Earth: 2000 Years of Map Projections. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 220.
- ^ Mapthematics directory of map projections
- ^ "Superellipse" in MathWorld encyclopedia
- ^ Tobler, Waldo (1973). "The hyperelliptical and other new pseudocylindrical equal area map projections". Journal of Geophysical Research. 78 (11): 1753–1759. Bibcode:1973JGR....78.1753T. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.495.6424. doi:10.1029/JB078i011p01753.
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