Lay cardinal - Biblioteka.sk

Teodolfo Mertel, the last man to have been created cardinal without first having been ordained a deacon. He was ordained to the diaconate in 1858, a few months after becoming a cardinal.

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In the historical practice of the Catholic Church, a lay cardinal was a man whom the pope appointed to the College of Cardinals while still a layman. This appointment carried with it the obligation to be ordained to a clerical order,^[1] meaning that "lay cardinal" was not a permanent state, but a term in reference to a man who was appointed cardinal prior to taking on the clerical state corresponding to that appointment.^[2]

The current law of the Catholic Church is that a man must be first ordained at least a priest in order to be considered for appointment as a cardinal.^[3]

List of laymen who were created cardinals

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (April 2022)

Name	Year created cardinal	Highest clerical order received
Pope Paul III	1493	Pope
Pope Leo X	1489	Pope
Charles Borromeo	1560	Archbishop
Ferdinando I de' Medici	1562	Minor orders^[4]
Maurice of Savoy	1607	Minor orders^[4]
Francisco Gómez Rojas de Sandoval	1618^[5]	Priest^[6]
Ferdinand of Austria	1620	Minor orders^[7]
Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino	1641	Minor orders
Marino Carafa di Belvedere [it]	1801	Resigned before being ordained^[8]^[9]
Teodolfo Mertel	1858	Deacon^[10]

Discontinuation

In 1917, Pope Benedict XV promulgated the first edition of the Code of Canon Law, which included a provision that a man must be first ordained a priest prior to being considered for appointment as a cardinal.^[11]

According to The New York Times, Pope Paul VI considered making the French Catholic philosopher Jacques Maritain a cardinal in 1965.^[12]

References

^ Cartwright, William Cornwallis (1868). On Papal Conclaves. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas. p. 123. Laymen were named Cardinals only for twelve months, being bound within that period to take Deacon's orders
^ Cartwright, William Cornwallis (1868). On Papal Conclaves. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas. pp. 121–122. In all these cases, however, it is clear that some orders had been taken; and therefore, in the strict sense of the term, these Cardinals were no longer laymen.
^ Code of Canon Law. 1983. Canon 351 §1.
^ ^a ^b Cartwright, William Cornwallis (1868). On Papal Conclaves. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas. pp. 120–122.
^ Feros, Antonio (2006). Kingship and Favoritism in the Spain of Philip III. Cambridge University Press. p. 241.
^ "Francisco Gómez Cardinal Rojas de Sandoval". Catholic Hierarchy.
^ Miranda, Salvador. "Consistory of July 29, 1619". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Florida International University.
^ Miranda, Salvador. "Consistory of February 23, 1801". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Florida International University.
^ "Mister Marino Carafa di Belvedere". Catholic Hierarchy.
^ "Teodolfo Cardinal Mertel". Catholic Hierarchy.
^ Code of Canon Law. 1917. Canon 232 §1.
^ "Jacques Maritain Dies at 90". The New York Times. April 29, 1973. Retrieved April 27, 2022.

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List of laymen who were created cardinals

Discontinuation

See also

References