Taiwanese Romanization System - Biblioteka.sk

Upozornenie: Prezeranie týchto stránok je určené len pre návštevníkov nad 18 rokov!
Zásady ochrany osobných údajov.
Používaním tohto webu súhlasíte s uchovávaním cookies, ktoré slúžia na poskytovanie služieb, nastavenie reklám a analýzu návštevnosti. OK, súhlasím


Panta Rhei Doprava Zadarmo
...
...


A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9

Taiwanese Romanization System
 ...
Tâi-uân Bân-lâm-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn
Traditional Chinese臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案
Simplified Chinese台湾闽南语罗马字拼音方案
Literal meaningTaiwanese Southern Min Romanization Solution
Tâi-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn
Traditional Chinese臺語羅馬字拼音方案
Simplified Chinese台语罗马字拼音方案
Literal meaningTaiwanese (language) Romanization Solution
Tâi-lô
Traditional Chinese臺羅拼音
Simplified Chinese台罗拼音

The official romanization system for Taiwanese Hokkien in Taiwan is locally referred to as Tâi-uân Bân-lâm-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn or Taiwan Minnanyu Luomazi Pinyin Fang'an (lit.'Taiwanese Southern Min Romanization Solution'),[I][1] often shortened to Tâi-lô. It is derived from Pe̍h-ōe-jī and since 2006 has been one of the phonetic notation systems officially promoted by Taiwan's Ministry of Education.[2] The system is used in the MoE's Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan. It is nearly identical to Pe̍h-ōe-jī, apart from: using ts tsh instead of ch chh, using u instead of o in vowel combinations such as oa and oe, using i instead of e in eng and ek, using oo instead of , and using nn instead of .

Taiwanese Romanization System

Alphabet

The Taiwanese Romanization System uses 16 basic Latin letters (A, B, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, S, T, U), 7 digraphs (Kh, Ng, nn, Oo, Ph, Th, Ts) and a trigraph (Tsh). In addition, it uses 6 diacritics to represent tones.

Capital letter Lower case IPA Letter name (variant 1) Letter name (variant 2)
A a [a] a a
B b [b] bi be
E e [e] e e
G g [ɡ] gi ge
H h [h, ʔ] hi ha
I i [i] i i
J j [d͡z] ji je
K k [k] ki ka
Kh kh [kʰ] khi kha
L l [l] li e-luh
M m [m] mi e-muh
N n [n] ni e-nuh
Ng ng [ŋ] ngi nge
NN nn [◌̃] inn enn
O o [o] o o
Oo oo [ɔ] oo oo
P p [p] pi pe
Ph ph [pʰ] phi phe
S s [s] si e-suh
T t [t] ti te
Th th [tʰ] thi the
Ts ts [t͡s] tsi tse
Tsh tsh [t͡sʰ] tshi tshe
U u [u] u u
  • "nn" is only used after a vowel to express nasalization, so it only appears capitalized in all-caps texts.
  • Palatalization occurs when "j, s, ts, tsh" are followed by "i", so "ji, si, tsi, tshi" are sometimes governed as trigraphs and tetragraphs.
  • Of the 10 unused basic Latin letters, "R" is sometimes used to express dialectal vowels (somewhat similar to erhua), while the others (C, D, F, Q, V, W, X, Y, Z) are only used in loanwords.

Sample texts

Tâi-lô
Pe̍h-uē-jī (PUJ) sī tsı̍t khuán iōng Latin (Lô-má) phìng-im hē-thóng lâi siá Tâi-uân ê gí-giân ê su-bīn bûn-jī. In-uī tong-tshoo sī thuân-kàu-sū ín--jı̍p-lâi ê, sóo-í ia̍h-ū-lâng kā PUJ kiò-tsò Kàu-huē Lô-má-jī, hı̍k-tsiá sī kán-tshing Kàu-lô. Put-jî-kò hiān-tāi ê sú-iōng-tsiá bē-tsió m̄-sī kàu-tôo, kàu-tôo mā tsin tsē bē-hiáu PUJ.
Pe̍h-ōe-jī
Pe̍h-ōe-jī (POJ) sī chı̍t khoán iōng Latin (Lô-má) phèng-im hē-thóng lâi siá Tâi-ôan ê gí-giân ê su-bīn bûn-jī. In-ūi tong-chho͘ sī thôan-kàu-sū ín--jı̍p-lâi ê, só͘-í ia̍h-ū-lâng kā POJ kiò-chò Kàu-hōe Lô-má-jī, he̍k-chiá sī kán-chheng Kàu-lô. Put-jî-kò hiān-tāi ê sú-iōng-chiá bē-chió m̄-sī kàu-tô͘, kàu-tô͘ mā chin chē bē-hiáu POJ.
Hàn-jī
白話字(POJ)是一款用拉丁(羅馬)拼音系統來寫臺灣的語言的書面文字。因為當初是傳教士引入來的,所以也有人共POJ叫做教會羅馬字,或者是簡稱教羅。不而過現代的使用者袂少毋是教徒,教徒嘛真濟袂曉POJ。
IPA
[peʔued͡ʑi (pi o d͡ʑe) ɕi t͡ɕiʔkʰuan ioŋ latin (loma) pʰiŋim hetʰoŋ lai ɕa taiuan e gigiɛn e subin bund͡ʑi inui toŋt͡sɔ ɕi tʰuankausu ind͡ʑiʔlai e sɔi iaʔulaŋ ka pi o d͡ʑi kiot͡so kauhue lomad͡ʑi hiʔt͡ɕia ɕi kant͡ɕʰiŋ kaulo puʔd͡ʑiko hiɛntai e suioŋt͡ɕia bet͡ɕio m̩ɕi kautɔ kautɔ ma t͡ɕin t͡se behiau pi o d͡ʑi ‖]

Values

Consonants

Initials
Bilabial Alveolar Alveolo-palatal Velar Glottal
Voiceless Voiced Voiceless Voiced Voiceless Voiced Voiceless Voiced Voiceless
Nasal m
(moo)
n
(nāi)
ng
(ngá)
Plosive Unaspirated p
(pian)
b
(bûn)
t
()
k
(kiû)
g
()
Aspirated ph
(pho)
th
(thann)
kh
(khì)
Affricate Unaspirated ts
(tsan)
j
(jua̍h)
tsi
(tsiam)
ji
(ji̍p)
Aspirated tsh tsʰ
(tshut)
tshi tɕʰ
(tshiú)
Fricative s s
(sann)
si ɕ
(siá)
h h
()
Lateral l l ~ ɾ
(liú)
Finals
Bilabial Alveolar Velar Glottal
Nasal consonant -m m
-n n
-ng ŋ
Stop consonant -p
-t
-k
-h ʔ
Syllabic consonant
Bilabial Velar
Nasal m
ㆬ 姆(ḿ)
ng ŋ̍
ㆭ 酸(sng)

Vowels & Rhymesedit

Simple & Nasal
Front Central Back
Simple Nasal Simple Nasal Simple Nasal
Close i i
(i)
inn ĩ
(înn)
u u
(u)
unn ũ
(tiunn)
Mid e e
()
enn
(senn)
oə
(ko)
oo ɔ
(oo)
onn ɔ̃
(onn)
Open a a
(tsa)
ann ã
(sann)
Dialect
Tâi-lô IPA Bopomofo
ir ɨ
er ə
ee ɛ
ere əe ㄜㆤ[a]
Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Taiwanese_Romanization_System
Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.






Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok.
Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.

Your browser doesn’t support the object tag.

www.astronomia.sk | www.biologia.sk | www.botanika.sk | www.dejiny.sk | www.economy.sk | www.elektrotechnika.sk | www.estetika.sk | www.farmakologia.sk | www.filozofia.sk | Fyzika | www.futurologia.sk | www.genetika.sk | www.chemia.sk | www.lingvistika.sk | www.politologia.sk | www.psychologia.sk | www.sexuologia.sk | www.sociologia.sk | www.veda.sk I www.zoologia.sk


Vowel(s) Open syllabus Nasal Plosive
m n ŋ ʔ
a a ann am an ang ap at ak ah annh
ai ai ainn aih ainnh
au au auh
e e enn eh ennh
i i inn im in ing ip it ik ih innh
ia ia iann iam ian iang iap iat iak iah iannh